Download The Renaissance 1350-1550

Machiavelli’s The Prince (Bell Ringer)
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According to Machiavelli, what should a prince be an expert at?
If a prince has the skills from #1, what will it guarantee him?
What does it mean to think “more of ease”?
Explain this statement: “how one lives is so far distant from how one
ought to live”.
5. What does a prince need to know how to do and when to use it?
6. Why can’t a person entirely possess all the characteristics of good?
7. Explain your opinion on this question with reasons: “whether it is better to
be loved than feared or feared than loved?”
8. Does Machiavelli seem to have faith in human nature? Why or why not?
9. What is Machiavelli’s position on #7?
10.Why is love not a strong enough bond for loyalty according to Machiavelli?
11.Explain the delicate balance described in the last sentence.
12.Do you believe this 16th century document is still relevant in politics
today? Why or why not?
Bellringer
1. What happened to serf’s wages as a result of
the Black Death?
2. How did kings benefit from the Black Death?
3. What special book did Gutenberg mass
produce?
4. Who/what did Martin Luther criticize?
Video Monday
• Sad Cat Diary
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKffm2uI4dk
Today’s Class
• Outcome:
– Students will be able to define key ideas and figures from
the Renaissance and Reformation.
– Students will be able to explain Machiavellian ideas.
• Agenda:
1. Bellringer
2. Renaissance & Reformation Quiz
3. Read Machiavelli’s The Prince excerpt
Quiz Time!
• Please put everything away except a writing
utensil.
The
Main Ideas
• The Renaissance was a rebirth of learning that
produced many great works of art and
literature.
• Renaissance art and literature still influence
modern thought and modern art.
Out of the Middle Ages
A. Renaissance – Rebirth – of art and learning
1. Began in Northern Italy
2. 1350-1550 A.D.
B. Italy’s Advantages
1. Thriving cities, wealthy merchants, classical
heritage
2. Fewer workers due to the Bubonic plague.
i.
This led workers to move toward other interests such
as art, thus causing them to move back into the city.
Key Terms
 Secular = not relating to religion
 City-State = the centers of political, economic, and
social life
 Mercenaries = soldiers that sold their services to
the highest bidder
 Dowry = a sum of money given by the wife’s
family to the husband upon marriage
The Sistine Chapel
Science and Technology
• The Gutenberg Printing
Press
• How did this invention
shape religion?
Leonardo Da Vinci
• Leonardo Da Vinci was true representation of a
Renaissance man. He was a well rounded man who was a
skilled inventor, well read, a mathematician and an
especially skilled artist. A Renaissance man enjoys the
finer things in life and has an appreciation for the arts and
literature.
Renaissance Person
Think of a person(living or not) who you would
consider a Renaissance person. Justify your
answer.
Discuss with your neighbor who you might
consider to be a renaissance person and why,
Social Class in the Renaissance
Nobles
 Landowners
 Dominated society
 2-3 % of population
 Advisors to the King
 The Book of the Courtier - by Castiglione
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Clearly defined the ideals of the nobles
Nobles are born not made, have character, talent, and grace.
Military and physical exercises
Educated and enriched by the arts
Show achievements with grace
Social Class in the Renaissance cont’d
 Peasants and Townspeople
85-90 % of the population
 Patricians
 Wealthy traders, bankers and industrialists
 Dominates their communities
 Burghers
 Shopkeepers
 Provided the goods and services for their fellow
townspeople
 Workers
 30-40% of this population
 Pitiful wages
 Included the unemployed
Family and Marriage
• To maintain a families status, marriages were often
arranged when the children were as young as two or
three.
• The most important aspect was the dowry.
• Dowry = money given by the wife’s family to the husband
• A father’s authority over his children was absolute. He
had to formally “free” them before a judge anywhere
between their early teens to their late twenties.
City-states
Florence
• In 1434, Cosimo Medici
took control of the city,
from behind the scenes
with his families wealth
and influence.
• The Medici family lost
their power to a
preacher named
Savonarola only to gain
it ~60 years later.
What is Humanism?
• Humanism – an intellectual movement of the
Renaissance that was based on the study of
the classics. Goal was to create model citizens.
– Grammar, Poetry, Moral Philosophy, and History
– Now known as the humanities (think arts &
humanities)
– Petrach – The father of Italian Renaissance
humanism
Renaissance Art
• Medieval paintings had a focus on religion and
looked flat.
• Artists sought to imitate nature in their works
• Human figure and form became the focus of
attention.
– Ex. Michelangelo's David sculpture
Understanding Art Techniques
• Perspective – appearance of depth on a flat surface
• Fresco – Using water based paints on fresh wet plaster
– Michelangelo used this technique to complete the Sistine
Chapel
The Protestant Reformation
Christian Humanism & Erasmus
• Christian Humanism, or Northern Renaissance
Humanism, had the goal of reforming the
Catholic Church
• Erasmus, best of all known Christian Humanist,
called his view of religion “The Philosophy of
Christ”
– The Praise of Folly (criticized society, especially
monks)
• Set the stage for Martin Luther to reform
Indulgences and Salvation
• People wanted to know how to save their souls,
priests were unable to answer their questions…
• Their answer… Buy your salvation and reduce
time in Purgatory
• The purchase of Indulgences could grant a soul
salvation (entrance into heaven)
• Indulgences were pieces of paper
– Like a certificate
Martin Luther
• German, Monk and
professor
• Studied Bible to justify
indulgences, found no
support
• Grew tired of Catholic
church
• October 31, 1517
– 95 theses
95 Theses and the Printing Press
• Thousands of copies of the 95 theses were
copied and spread throughout Germany
• How did the Printing Press help or hurt Martin
Luther?
Luther Excommunicated
• In Luther’s view, faith alone could bring you to
salvation.
• Unable to accept this, the Church
excommunicated him.
• Charles V hoped to change his mind and
summoned him before the imperial diet.
• The Edict of Worms declared him an outlaw
and ordered all his works be burned.
• Luther went into hiding until 1522.
Religious Choice
Peace of Augsburg
• A formal acceptance of the division of
Christianity in Germany. People were now
allowed to choose between Catholicism and
Lutheranism
Luther’s Actions
95 Theses
Called for German Princes to establish a reformed
German Church
Protestantism