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Energy Energy • The ability to do work and overcome resistance. • The ability to cause change. Energy Work – The relationship between force on an object and distance moved. W = Fd Work = Force · Distance Energy Unit of Energy = Joule • Since the unit of force is a Newton and distance is measured in meters, a Joule is a N · m. James Prescott Joule 1818 -1889 Work – Energy Theorem W = ∆ EK Energy Energy is Classified as either Potential or Kinetic Energy. Energy Potential Energy is stored energy due to: • Chemical Composition • Mass and Position • Elasticity Energy Gravitational Potential Energy depends on an object’s mass, height and acceleration due to gravity. Ug = mgh Energy What is the gravitational potential energy of a 57 kg rock on a 125 m hill? Energy Elastic Potential Energy is energy stored in an object that is stretched or compressed. Energy What is the elastic potential energy of a spring that has been compressed 0.22 meters with a force of 3.5N? 3.5N 0.22m Energy Kinetic Energy is energy of motion. It depends on an object’s mass and velocity. KE = ½ 2 mv Energy What is the kinetic energy of a 800Kg bobsled moving at 15 m/s? Energy Backyard Examples of Work and Energy (Problems w/ Calculations) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oyPOCSEJWP4 Energy Law of Conservation of Energy The total amount of energy in a system is conserved. [Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only changed forms]. Conservation of Energy GPE to KE Conversions - Divers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqQ83CPH3i8 How Energy Changes Forms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7Mab_NHXRE Forms of Energy – Conversions (Roadrunner and Coyote) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i6e-KrNCe_E Energy Usually named for the source of the force involved. Mechanical Chemical Thermal Nuclear Electromagnetic (incl. electricity & magnetism) Into to Types of Energy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7lCkQV7GEE&feature=related Energy Mechanical Energy – Application of a force by the movement of objects or particles. Energy Chemical Energy – Contained within the chemical bonds of molecules. Energy Electromagnetic Energy – Energy that travels as waves. What is Light? - https://m.youtube.com/watch?feature=youtu.be&v=IXxZRZxafEQ Electromagnetic Energy Electricity – Force applied by electrons. Electromagnetic Energy Magnetism – Force applied by magnetic field. Electromagnetic Energy Electricity and Magnetism are related. Energy Nuclear Energy – Energy contained within the nucleus of an atom. Fission Splitting the atom. Fusion Combining Nuclei Nuclear Fusion Energy Thermal Energy – The total internal energy of a substance. Dictates the amount of particle motion. Energy Remember: Energy can change forms. Ex. Mechanical Electrical Energy Conversions • What type of energy operates the toy duck? • Describe the energy transformations that gave the duck its energy. Energy Resources • Non-Renewable – Sources that take extremely long periods to develop – Fossil Fuels – Uranium • Renewable (AKA Alternative) – Sources that can be easily replenished. – – – – – – Solar Wind Hydroelectric Geothermal Biomass Fuel Cells Non-Renewable Energy Resources Fossil Fuels – Derived from decayed organic matter. [ Coal, Oil, Natural Gas ] Non-Renewable Energy Resources Non-Renewable Energy Resources Nuclear - Radioactive elements that emit thermal energy upon decay. http://paidpost.nytimes.com/nuclear-matters/nuclear-energy-in-the-us.html#/ Renewable Energy Sources Solar – Energy converted from electromagnetic energy to electricity of thermal energy. Thermal Collector Photovoltaic Cell Renewable Energy Sources Solar Arrays Renewable Energy Sources Wind – Mechanical Energy derived from the kinetic energy of moving air particles. Renewable Energy Sources Hydroelectric - Mechanical Energy derived from the kinetic energy of moving water particles. Renewable Energy Sources Hydroelectric Renewable Energy Sources Geothermal – Using thermal energy from the Earth. Renewable Energy Sources Geothermal – Using thermal energy from the Earth. Renewable Energy Sources Biomass - Using the energy stored in organic matter to generate other forms of energy. Renewable Energy Sources Fuel Cells – Electricity generated by forcing hydrogen through a charged membrane. Fuel Cell Animations http://www.upsaps.com/index.php?categoryID=146 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MsG9REFN3s Renewable Energy Sources Fuel Cell Automobile Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy Resources Considerations : • Cost / Benefit • Availability / Sustainability Energy • New Energy Source