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Memory Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. When Ebbinghaus pioneered the experimental study of memory, the information he memorized was a. poetry. b. scripture verses. c. nonsense syllables. d. word pairs. ____ 2. An essay test is best described as a ______ test of memory. a. cued recall b. free recall c. recognition d. relearning ____ 3. Which kind of memory test are you taking right now? a. free recall b. cued recall c. recognition d. savings ____ 4. When you remember how to tie your shoes, what type of memory is this? a. factual b. procedural c. episodic d. state dependent ____ 5. Your memory of an event that happened on your first day of high school is both a ______ memory and an ______ memory. a. procedural ... implicit b. declarative ... implicit c. procedural ... episodic d. declarative ... episodic ____ 6. Everything you see first enters a sensory store. If you do not attend to it, about how long will the information stay there? a. less than a second b. 10-20 seconds c. about an hour d. until you use it in some way ____ 7. If you meet someone and use her correct name immediately but cannot remember it a half-hour later, the name probably was in your a. sensory store. b. episodic memory. c. short-term memory. d. long-term memory. ____ 8. Memory for specific life events such as graduating from high school, or getting married, is known as a. semantic memory. b. episodic memory. c. procedural memory. d. implicit memory. ____ 9. When you remember how a clock works, what type of memory is that? a. episodic b. semantic c. short-term d. implicit ____ 10. One difference between long-term memory and short-term memory is that a. we forget long-term memories because of decay and short-term memories because of interference. b. long-term memory can hold a vast amount of information and short-term memory can hold only about seven items c. short-term memory holds language items and long-term memory holds skills. d. short-term memory holds skills and long-term memory holds language items. ____ 11. "The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the capacity of a. the visual sensory store. b. semantic memory. c. short-term memory. d. flashbulb memories. ____ 12. One way to expand the amount of material one can store in short-term memory is to a. pause a few minutes between learning the material and testing memory. b. organize the material into chunks. c. think only about the sound of the words and not their meaning. d. make sure you have more retroactive interference than proactive interference. ____ 13. An association that facilitates remembering information in long-term memory is known as a/an ______ cue. a. encoding b. rehearsal c. retrieval d. consolidation ____ 14. According to the levels-of-processing principle, some memories are easier to recall than others because a. we held them in short-term memory longer before transferring them into long-term memory. b. we stored them deeper in the cerebral cortex. c. we thought about them more during the storage process. d. we stored them in terms of sound and structure of the word instead of meaning. ____ 15. To improve your depth of processing, you could go through the items on the list and think about the meaning of each one. What is another way you could improve your depth of processing? a. Study in just one time and place in order to increase the probability of context-dependent memory. b. Study the list by the massedpractice method. c. Look for relationships among the items, such as ways that you might group or organize the items. d. Simply repeat the items on the list over and over. ____ 16. Suppose you study a list of words. Later someone is going to give you some reminders and ask you to recall words on the list related to each reminder. Because of the encoding specificity principle, what should you do to increase your probability of recalling as many words as possible? a. try to arrange the words into categories b. arrange the words in alphabetic order c. think about every possible meaning of each word d. repeat each word on the list 10 times, and then move on to the next word ____ 17. According to the principle of encoding specificity, if you want to do well on a particular exam you should a. study in a variety of places. b. make your study conditions as similar as possible to the conditions under which you will be tested. c. study at different times of the day. d. try to study as much material as possible the night before the exam. ____ 18. Many people have a vivid recollection of where they were when they heard shocking news such as the assassination of a political leader. This is an example of a. recovered memory. b. flashbulb memory. c. eyewitness memory. d. tabloid memory. ____ 19. Activation of certain peripheral nerves that extend into the brain enhances the formation of long-term memories by a. raising the level of epinephrine in the brain. b. lowering the level of glucose in the brain. c. increasing the speed of neural transmission across the synapse. d. increasing the excitation of the corpus callosum. ____ 20. What is a mnemonic device? a. a machine that measures brain waves b. a method for increasing speed of reading c. a method for improving memorization d. a machine that tests memory _____ 21. Both proactive interference and retroactive interference a. are examples of mnemonic devices. b. improve long-term memory. c. improve short-term memory. d. increase forgetting. ____ 22. If you were trying to remember the names of U.S. presidents, you would probably have the most trouble remembering a. the first few. b. the last few. c. the ones near the middle of the order. d. those of the party you do not favor. ____ 23. Which of the following is likely to occur in our recall of an event? a. Incorrect suggestions given after the event will wipe out memory for the original event. b. Details that don't fit in with the rest of the story will be omitted or distorted. c. It is either recalled word-for-word or not recalled at all. d. We are very accurate at dating events based on their sharpness in memory. ____ 24. Research on implanted (false) memories suggest that a. it is almost impossible to implant a false memory. b. repeatedly suggesting that something "might have" occurred may implant or distort a memory. c. all reports of childhood sexual abuse are implanted. d. courts should be willing to accept all memories that are recovered by licensed therapists. ____ 25. The patient H.M. suffered memory problems after damage to his a. hippocampus. b. hippopotamus. c. hip-hooray. d. hypnotist. ____ 26. Since Wanda's brain operation she has been unable to store any new memories to recall them an hour or more later. However, she still recalls everything that happened before her operation. What kind of memory loss does she have? a. anterograde amnesia b. retrograde amnesia c. global amnesia d. context-dependent memory ____ 27. After Wilbur fell off his motorcycle, he forgot just about everything that had happened during the last hour before his accident. What kind of memory loss is this? a. global b. anterograde c. retrograde d. procedural 28. Identify two methods to improve memory recall a) _________________________________ 29. b) _______________________________________ 30. Because the hippocampus is involved in memory consolidation, __________________________ is critical in the memory process.