Download Types of Memory

Do you agree or disagree with
this statement?
“Memory is what makes our lives…
Without it, we are nothing”.
What is Memory? Test, Test 2
 The process by which
we recollect prior
experiences,
information and skills
learned in the past.
Types of Memory
3 Types of memory
1.)Semantic –facts, concepts,
words, definitions, and languages.
– General Knowledge
• Trivia
2.)Episodic – specific events,
personal experiences or activities.
Never forget your first kiss.
– 9-11, Kennedy Assassination, Challenger
Explosion.
Example of Episodic
Flashbulb Memory
Vivid recollections
Great detail
Dramatic or emotionally charged
incidents
Of interest to person
Encoded effortlessly and retained
3.) Implicit Memory
 Things that are implied or not clearly stated.
 Consist of skills and procedures you have
already learned.
–
–
–
–
Throwing a ball
Riding a bike
Catching a ball
Water Skiing
What type of memories are these?
What kind of memory is this?
•Who is this?
• What type of
memory is this
picture displaying?
What type of memory is this?
How many sides does a stop
sign have?
JFK Assassination
Short-Term Memory
“Working Memory”
Limited Duration
 Short-term lasts 2 to 30 seconds
 Maintenance rehearsal – repeat or
rehearse information = stays with you
longer
Limited Capacity
 Can hold only seven items at one
time
 Interference – new information
enters short-term and pushes out
information that is already there
3 Processes of Memory
 1.) Encoding: The translation of
information into a form in which it can be
stored.
 1st stage of processing information.
Read 155-156
 In your notes write the following sequence
of letters.
 OTTFFSSENT
 Look at the list for 30 seconds and
memorize as much of the list that you can.
Visual Codes
Form a mental picture of letters in your mind.
Acoustic Codes
 Read the list to yourself and repeat several
times.
 Acoustic code works by recording the
letters in your memory as a sequence of
sounds.
Semantic Codes
 Attempt to make sense of the letters.
 Example: OTTFFSSENT
 The last 4 letters spells the word SENT.
 Semantic means relating to memory.
 The letters may represent words.
Process of Memory
 Storage: 2nd process of memory.
 Storage is maintaining information in the
brain after it has been encoded.
Ways to remember new information.
 Maintenance Rehearsal: Repeat
information over and over again.
 Elaborative Rehearsal: Make new
information meaningful by relating it to
information you already know.
3rd Process of Memory
 Retrieval: locating stored information in
the brain and returning it to conscious
thought.
 Information that is familiar and hard to
forget.
– Your name, family and friends names.
Write down the list of letters
discussed earlier.
 OTTFFSSENT
Ways to Retrieve Information
Context Dependent Memory
 Context of a memory
is the situation in
which a person had the
experience being
remembered.
 Such memories are
dependent on the place
where they were
encoded and stored.
Context Dependent Memory
Continued
 Study: Students do better on tests when
they study for the test in the same room the
test will be given.
State Dependent Memories
 Retrieve memories better when the person
is the same emotional state that the memory
was stored in.
 Feelings of Happiness: Tend to bring back
memories of when the person was happy.
Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon
 You feel you know something, but you
can’t verbalize it.
 It is right on the tip of your tongue.
Chunking
Combine separate
items into a larger
unit
Remember chunks,
not individual parts
George Miller
Separate Memory
Systems
Primacy vs. Recency
 Primacy –
tendency to
remember items at
the beginning of a
list
 Recency –
tendency to
remember items at
the end of a list
Procedural Memory
 Procedural – skills, habits, and things
learned through conditioning
Unusual Memories
Photographic
Form sharp, detailed visual images
after examining something for a
short period of time
Can recall the entire image at a
later date
Occurs in adults
Eidetic Imagery
Occurs in children
Examine something for 10-30
seconds
Retain image in mind for several
minutes
Detail visual image
How Many Numbers Can
You Remember?
34875
Write it down!
902321
Write it down!
4608435
Write it down!
32989826
Write it down!
690825360
Write it down!
3508236401
Write it down!
80204360822
Write it down!
398282049601
Write it down!
6980294022698
Write it down!
19073982259087
Write it down!
209841109850349
Write it down!
Memory Test