Download Memory

Memory
1. The retention of information over time is known as:
a. cognition
b. memory
c. thinking
d. delusions
2. Short term memory lasts only for about ----a. 30 minutes
b. 30 seconds
c. 2 days
d. 1 - 2 hours
3. Psychologists have determined that the most amount of data that we can hold in our short-term
memory is an average of ----- plus or minus two.
a. 13
b. 4
c. 7
d. 30
4. Eyewitness testimory has proved to be (the) most ------ evidence in jury trials.
a.
b.
c.
d.
reliable
unreliable
credible
trustworthy
5. ------ memory lingers only for an instant.
a.
b.
c.
d.
short-term
long-term
explicit
sensory
6. Phone numbers, social security numbers and other numbers grouped as such are an example of a
memory technique called:
a.
b.
c.
d.
peg-word
hierarchy
chunking
association
7. Which is true regarding Karl Lashley’s research on finding the “engram”?
a.
b.
c.
d.
He found them in the frontal lobes.
He found them in the hippocampus.
He found them in the parietal lobes.
He couldn’t find them and said they could not be found in any one site.
8. Short term memory is also known as :
a. working memory
b. implied memory
c. desktop memory
d. flashbulb memory
9. Which kind of rehearsal is more helpful in retaining information for a long period of time?
a.
b.
c.
d.
maintenance
elaborative
explicit
nondeclarative
10. According to ------- experiments, a person's ability to recall a list of words decreases dramatically one
day after learning the list.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Freud’s
Lorentz’s
Thompson’s
Ebbinghaus’s
MATCHING: Match the example with the correct term. Word Bank follows.
11. John has a photographic memory.
12. imagery
13. interference
14. The eye retaining a momentary image after staring at an object
15. 256-76-2515
a. chunking
d. mental pictures
b. sensory memory
e. eidetic
c. competing information getting in the way of storage
16. This kind of rehearsal consits of rote drilling of items to be learned:
a.
b.
c.
d.
elaborative
maintenance
iconic
semantic
Korsakoff syndrome (also called wet brain, Korsakoff's psychosis, alcoholic encephalopathy,
Wernicke's disease, and encephalopathy - alcoholic)[1] is a manifestation of thiamine (vitamin
B1) deficiency, or beriberi. This is usually secondary to alcohol abuse. It mainly causes vision
changes, ataxia and impaired memory.[2]
17. ---------- is a particular kind of amnesia that develops from alcoholism.
a. short-term
b. Korsakoff’s Syndrome
c. psychotic amnesia
d. eidetic amnesia
18. Memory loss is usually referred to as:
a. hallucinations
b. amnesia
c. iconic memory
d. semantic memory
19. This kind of memory refers to knowledge in the form of skills and cognitive operations of how to do
something:
a. declarative
b. episodic
c. procedural
d. semantic
20. If you remember what it was like when your younger brother was born, or what happened to you on
your first date, you’re using what form of memory?
a. declarative
b. procedural
c. episodic
d. retrieval
e. script
21. This kind of memory represents a person's general knowledge, like who was the first president of
the United States, or the memory of the alphabet.
a. procedural
b. generic
c. episodic
d. repressed
22. Which of the following stages of memory lasts for only about 20 seconds and can contain anywhere
from 7 plus or minus 2 items.
a. sensory memory
b. short term memory
c. episodic memory
d. long term memory
23. The tendency to recall the last items in a series is known as
a. elaborative rehersal
b. recency effect
c. interference
d. primacy effect
24. Multiple choice tests are easier than fill in the blank because multiple choice rely on --- instead of
the more difficult skill of ---.
a. memory; retention
b. thinking; retrieving
c. recognition; recall
d. remembering; forgetting
e. none of above
25. When you sit down and simply go over and over a list of vocabulary words trying to remember how
to spell them, you are practicing:
a. input processing
b. negative transfer
c. maintenance rehearsal
d. elaborative learning
26. In this process, information has been blocked by a previous or subsequent memory:
a. decay
b. delay
c. repression
d. interference
27. Sometimes you cannot remember something because time seems to have erased your memory of
the event. Psychologists call this:
a. interference
b. decay
c. repression
d. recall
28. One theory that explains how information is stored in the brain suggests that there are changes in
the formation of what kind of molecules in the brain?
a. carbohydrate c. protein (forming new neural networks)
b. glucose
d. lactic acid
29. Sometimes in the course of telling a story about what happened, people make up certain bits of
information and fill in the missing gaps to make the story sound logical and true. This is an example of:
a. exaggeration
b. lying
c. verbosity
d. confabulation
30. Getting information to “stick” (translating information into storage) in one’s memory circuits of the
brain is known as:
a. retention
b. priming
c. encoding
d. elaboration
31. The process of selective attention and focusing your attention on one stimuli rather than other
background stimuli involves the work of which are of the brain:
a. prefrontal cortex
b. reticular activating system
c. limbic system
d. occipital lobe
e. hypothalamus
32. This type of “effortful retrieval” occurs when people are confident they know something but just can’t
quite seem to pull it out of their memory:
a. recall
b. retrieval
c. tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
d. elaborative rehersal
e. none of above
33. The skills needed for riding a bike are stored as
a. procedural memories
b. episodic memories
c. generic memories
d. echoic memories
34. Which of the following is a good tip if you want to learn information well?
a. chunk it
b.imagery
c. use associations
d. mnemonic devices
e. all of the above
35. Of the following structures in the brain, which plays the most critical role in memory?
a. occipital lobe b. optic nerve
c. limbic system d. autonomic nervous system
36. The process of retrieval is essential if memory is to be useful. Retrieval takes which two forms?
a. learning and forgetting c. input and output
b. recognition and recall d. decay and delay
37. Casey’s mother asked him to get eight items from the store. He only remembered some of the
items at the beginning and the end of the list. This kind of remembering illustrates the:
a. Korsakoff’s syndrome
b. serial position effect
c. interference effect
d. retention deficit syndrome
38. According to Sigmund Freud, repression is a reaction to
a. painful and unpleasant memories
b. a head injury
c. illness
d. all of the above
39. An eyewitness's memory of a crime can be distorted by:
a. returning to the scene of the crime
b. describing the scene of the crime in his or her own words
c. hypnosis
d. all of the above
40. In order to remember information for a long period of time, facts must be
a. stored as echoes
b. stored as icons
c. transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory
d. moved from short-term memory to sensory memory
41. Which of the following kinds of forgetting is simply the fading away of a memory due to the passage
of time:
a. repression
b. infantile amnesia
c. decay
d. interference
42. The famous researcher Karl Lashley spent most of his life searching for the tiny bits of information
that gets etched into our memory called the:
a. engram
b. memory sketch
c. cognitive bit
d. cerebral item
43. That part of the brain that handles short-term memory while also helping us plan and organize our
immediate daily tasks is:
a. parietal lobes
b. limbic system
c. brain stem
d. frontal lobes
44. Alzhiemer’s disease is accompanied by amnesia which is directly related to the depletion of which
neurotransmitter in the brain?
a. serotonin
b. endorphins
c. acetylcholine
d. dopamine
45. ---- is the term used to describe techniques designed to make memory more efficient:
a. mnemonics
b. retrieval cues
c. overlearning
d. flashbulb memories
46. The gap between neurons that is filled with neurotransmitters that either boost memory or interfere
with it is known as:
a. great divide
b. synapse
c. grand canyon
d. the space in Whoppi Goldberg’s teeth
47. Which of the following would be successful in helping you to learn material from a new chapter in
your text?
a. rehersal
b. PQ4R
c. method of loci
d. imagery
e. sleeping
48. Neurologists believe that --- may be the ink with which memories are written in the neural networks
of the brain:
a. fibers
b. chemicals
c. subcortical lesions
d. hair follicles
49. One drawback of maintenance rehearsal is that
a. it does not involve repetition
b. it does not connect memorized information to past learning
c. only the first item on the memorized list is recalled
d. only the last item on the memorized list is remembered
50. Flashbulb memories are so vivid because they
a. recall events with special meanings
b. are not recalled very often
c. involve learning skills that are never forgotten
d. do all of the above
Essay: Draw an a separate sheet of paper the Information Processing Chart and label all of it
parts correctly.