Download Study Questions for Test 2 - Pasadena City College

Pasadena City College
Biology 2, Zoology
Blaine Hebert
Study Questions for Test 2
Genetics:
1. How are a phenotype and a genotype related? How are they different?
2. What is the probable result or ratio of a cross between two heterozygotes? If you had 100 offspring, about
how many would you expect to see of each type?
3. What is a test cross and why do you do it?
4. What were the parents if the offspring of a cross were 16 tall and 48 short? What was this cross? What
if you saw 34 tall and 29 short?
5. What is the result of a cross between two individuals if they are both heterozygous for TWO traits (such
as AaBb)? What if they were aaBb x Aabb?
6. In the ABO blood groups which is the universal donor? Which is the universal recipient?
7. Who can receive type A blood? Who can receive type O blood? AB blood?
8. What is polygenic inheritance? Why is height or intelligence good examples of this?
9. If you had 11 white flowers, 32 blue flowers, 45 purple flowers and 158 red flowers what might cause
this?
Evolution:
10. How was Aristotle's view of the organization of living things different from our modern viewpoint?
11. What was Lamark's famous theory? How or why was it wrong?
12. What major idea did Charles Lyell have that influenced Charles Darwin?
13. What major idea did Thomas Malthus have that influenced Charles Darwin?
14. What were the four parts of Darwin's theory?
15. What were Darwin's major pieces of evidence?
16. What type of evidence are human ear muscles?
17. What type of evidence are modern dogs?
18. What is Archaeopteryx and why was it important to Darwin's theory?
19. Which one of Darwin's problems was solved by the discovery of radiation?
20. What was Darwin's theory of genetics (what did he believe)?
21. How did Gregor Mendel help solve Darwin's genetic problem?
22. What did William Thompson, Lord Thomas Kelvin have to do with Darwin’s theory?
23. Why is the mitochondria useful in studying the relationships between different races of humans and
where humans are from?
24. In the Hardy-Weinberg equation what does p and p2 mean?
25. How do each of the five Hardy-Weinberg factors change gene frequencies in a population?
26. What are the differences between allopatric and sympatric speciation?
27. How can one species of organism split into two species when they occur in a single small space such as
an island?
Behavior:
28. Why is it important not to anthropomorphicize when studying behavior?
29. What is an instinctive behavior?
30. How does the random motion of a kinesis affect how an animal reacts to a stimulus?
31. What are some of the major forms of imprinting?
32. In what animals is imprinting common?
33. How is instinct different from learned behaviors?
34. What are pheromones and how are they used?
35. How does imprinting affect later adult behavior?
36. What causes an instinct to occur (what is the trigger)?
37. What is the very simplest form of learning?
38. How is trial and error learning different from insight learning?
39. What are interspecific communications? How are they different from intraspecific communications?
40. What type of mimicry uses a model but has many species mimicking the model?
41. What type of symbiosis is harmful to one but harmless to another?
42. What is the type of symbiosis if two organisms are benefitted by the relationship?
Ecology:
43. How is niche different from habitat?
44. How is a population different from a species?
45. Why do we say that evolution occurs at the population level?
46. Why is it beneficial for animals to help their brothers and sisters at a cost to themselves?
47. Under what circumstances would a natural population have the appearance of a "J" curve?
48. What happens at the inflection point of an S curve to change the population growth rate?
49. How is an r selected population different in behavior and reproduction from a K selected population?
50. What is the difference between the community and the population?
51. What is interspecific communication?
52. What are the producers in a community?
53. What are examples of first level carnivores?
54. Who (what) are the top carnivores in most human food chains?
55. How are a food chain, a food web and a food pyramid different?
56. Which of these (food chain, pyramid and web) represents the path of a single molecule?
57. Which of these represents the total energy flow in an entire ecosystem?
58. Which of these represents the energy flow for a single species of carnivore?
59. How do the carbon and nitrogen cycles differ?
60. What is the reservoir for carbon in the environment?
61. What is the reservoir for nitrogen in the environment?
Ecosystems:
62. Which ecosystem (or biome) would be found near the top of a tall mountain?
63. Which ecosystem is caused by very low rainfall?
64. What causes a rain shadow?
65. Which ecosystem is created or caused by a rain shadow?
66. Which ecosystems are created or helped by fire?
67. Which of the ecosystems can be found near the equator?
68. Which of the ocean ecosystems are strongly affected by rainfall?
69. Which ecosystem has the greatest changes in salinity?
70. Which ocean area is strongly affected by pollution?
71. How does CO2 affect world temperatures?
72. What effect do CFC=s have on our environment? How do they affect weather?
73. How are toxins concentrated in the environment?
74. How does eutrophication cause environmental problems?
75. What nutrients are the most common causes of eutrophication?
Earth History:
76. Which era was the “age of dinosaurs”?
77. What happened that killed off the dinosaurs? When did this occur?
78. During which era would you expect to have seen only worms, jawless fish and large arthropods (bugs)?
79. What era was the Devonian period in? The Cretaceous period? The Tertiary period?
80. What era and period are we living in?
Possible essays:
Be able to identify food chains, food pyramids and food webs, their parts and relationships.
Be able to recognize and explain the different major nutrient cycles.
Know Darwin=s evidence and what each part means.
Understand the Hardy-Weinberg equation and the 5 causes for changes in the ratios.
Know what the major instincts that might affect where and how an animal might live.