Download earth_-_moon_system

Earth Science

What earth has that
other’s don’t:
 Cryosphere
 Hydrosphere
 Geosphere
 Atmosphere
 Biosphere
Cryosphere
Frozen water on the earth in
the form of glaciers, ice caps,
polar caps, etc
Hydrosphere
Water – water vapor, oceans,
lakes, streams, ponds, rivers,
etc. etc.
Geosphere
The crust, mantle and core.
Weathering and erosion.
Atmosphere
The thin layer around the earth
that allows life to exist.
Biosphere
Life
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Makes Earth the only planet teeming with
life.

No other planet has all five.

Are there other planets out there????
GEOSPHERE
CRYOSPHERE
EARTH IS CONSTANTLY
CHANGING

Weathering: the
breakdown of the surface
of the Earth
MOON’S SURFACE HAS NOT
CHANGED FOR 3 BILLION YRS.

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 Wind
 Water
 Freezing
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Erosion: carrying away of
weathered objects.
The surface has remained
unchanged for eons
The features you look at
are the same features
Galileo first saw through
his telescope
Some features on the
moon as thought to be as
old as the moon itself
Moon’s Surface
The major features of the
moon include dark lowlands
and bright, densely packed
cratered highlands.
The entire surface of the moon
is covered in a dust called
regolith.
Lowlands
The lowlands also called seas or
Marias are areas on the moon
that were hit by asteroids.
The dark lowlands are areas
that have been hit by meteors
and have deep craters. These
meteors hit hard enough to
cause lava to flow out onto the
surface.
Highlands
Highlands make up a majority
of the moon’s surface. These
are heavily cratered
mountainous regions.
Some of the highest peaks
approach the heights of Mount
Everest on Earth.
Moon’s Size
The circumference of the moon
is approximately ¼ of the earth
at 3500 km.
Origin
There are many theories of
how the moon became, but the
theory that scientists like best
is the catastrophic collision
hypothesis

Because of the small amount of gravity (1/6
that of earth’s) the moon does not have an
atmosphere.

The crust is composed of material that may
be similar to Earth’s crust and mantle.
 Moon rocks that were brought back with
astronauts had a density of 3.3 g/mL which is
similar to the densities of the Earth’s mantle and
crust.
 The moon is covered in a thick dust called
regolith. The regolith is dust left over from many
collisions that have occurred on the moon.
Chemical composition of the lunar surface regolith (derived
from crustal rocks)[22]
Compound
Formula
silica
Composition (wt %)
Maria
Highlands
SiO2
45.4%
45.5%
alumina
Al2O3
14.9%
24.0%
lime
CaO
11.8%
15.9%
iron(II) oxide
FeO
14.1%
5.9%
magnesia
MgO
9.2%
7.5%
titanium
dioxide
TiO2
3.9%
0.6%
sodium oxide
Na2O
0.6%
0.6%
99.9%
100.0%
Total
Moon’s Composition
This is a cut out of the moon
with its core.

What future implications can it have?


Use it as a space station for extended space travel
What can the moon tell us?
 With no weathering, the moon is practically like it
was when it was formed, this tells us something
about the formation of our solar system.

Tidal Motion
 The rhythmic rising and
falling of the Earth’s
coastlines that
happenings daily.
 Spring Tides-When the
Moon, Earth and Sun are
all lined up in a row.
 Neap Tides-When the
Sun is perpendicular to
the moon and Earth.
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Elliptical orbit around
the Earth.
Average distance from
Earth = 384,000 km.
The moon’s revolution is
equal to its orbit.
This is why we only see
one side of the moon.
The only people to see
the dark side of the
moon was the
astronauts.

Sidereal – 27.3333
Earth days.

Synodic – 29.5 Earth
days

The actual time it takes
the moon to revolve
around the Earth.

The alignment of the
moon, earth and sun
takes 29.5 days.

This is the time we use
for our calendars.
Phases of the Moon
Because of the earth’s shadow
on the moon, the moon has
phases.
Eclipses - Solar
When the moon, earth and sun
are aligned so that the moon
blocks the sunlight from the
earth.
Umbra: is the darkest portion
of the shadow. Because the
moon is so much smaller than
earth, only a small portion of
earth will experience a solar
eclipse at one time on the
earth.
Penumbra: the periphery or
side portion of the shadow.
Future Solar Eclipses
August 21, 2017 – Total Solar
Eclipse for North America.
Lunar Eclipses
More common than solar
eclipses.
A lunar eclipse happens when
the sun, earth and moon are
aligned and the earth is casting
it’s shadow on the moon.
Lunar Climate
No weather, but has a climate
Day length is 14 earth days.
These days are hot with temps
around 125oC (260oF)
Nights are cold at -170oC (280oF).
This climate helps us to
understand what happens to
temperatures when there is no
atmosphere.