Download Chapter 2 Judaism

Exploring the Religions
of Our World
Chapter 2 Judaism
Chapter 2 Judaism
A Living Religion
1. Judaism is the religion practiced by Jesus
when he was living on earth.
2. Judaism is the religion of the Hebrew Bible
and a religion still longing for God’s chosen one.
3. Being a Jew has both an ethnic and a religious
connotation.
4. A religious Jew practices Judaism. An ethnic
Jew may or may not practice Judaism.
Modern Period 1783 - present
Medieval Period
639 - 1783 CE
Rabbinic Period
323 BCE – 637 CE
Biblical Period
1800 BCE – 323 CE
Chapter 2 Judaism
Periods of Jewish History
Chapter 2 Judaism
Periods of Jewish History
Page 29
Chapter 2 Judaism
Modern Judaism
Reform Judaism – advocates full integration into the
culture where one lives
Conservative Judaism – counteracts reformed Judaism,
modifying Jewish traditions in a limited manner
Orthodox Judaism – the most traditional wing, insists
its members strictly follow the Torah
Reconstructionist Judaism – advocates Judaism as a
culture, not only a religion
Study Questions p. 43
1.
What did the Hebrews become in
the 40 years it took to return to
Canaan from Egypt?
• The Hebrews became a convenantal
community, owing their allegiance to
God.
Study Questions p. 43
1.
After the death of Solomon, why did
the kingdom become more
vulnerable to outside attacks?
• The kingdom was divided into two after
Solomon's death; North 10 tribes, the
South two tribes
• Both kingdoms weakened and fell prey
to idolatry.
• Israel fell to Assyrians in 722BCE; Judah
conquered Babylon two centuries later
Study Questions p. 43
1.
What is the diaspora?
• The diaspora originally referred to the
large community of Jews who lived
outside of Palestine.
• Driven out by foreign conquerors, the
Jews were dispersed and set up Jewish
communities throughout the world.
• Today, it refers to all Jews outside of
Israel.
Study Questions p. 43
1.
According to Rabbi Hillel, what is the
summation of the Torah?
• “Whatever is hateful to you, you are not
to do to your neighbor.”
Study Questions p. 43
1.
Who is Moses Maimonides, and what
did he argue for?
• He was a medieval Jewish philosopher
who argued that there was no
contradiction between Aristotle and the
Jewish religion.
Study Questions p. 43
1.
Define Hadism
• A spiritual movement founded by Rabbi
Israel ben Eliezer in the 18th century.
• In an era of darkness and persecution,
he stressed the presence of God – light
– in all aspects of Jewish life.
• It was a comforting teaching that helped
Jews endure trials.
Study Questions p. 43
1.
Name the four types of Judaism in
the Modern era.
• Orthodox – literal interpretation of the
Torah
• Conservative – Modify Jewish
traditions in a limited manner
• Reformed – advocate full integration
into the culture where one lives
• Reconstructionist – Advocate Judaism
as a culture rather than a religion
Chapter 2 Judaism
Sacred writings
Tanakh
Torah
First five books
The Hebrew Bible
Nevi’im
Prophets
Ketuvim
Writings
Chapter 2 Judaism
Other sacred writings
Jerusalem
Talmud
Midrash
Babylonian
commentary
Talmud
Biblical
interpretation
commentary
Chapter 2 Judaism
Beliefs and Practices
Sh’ma
“Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God,
the Lord is One”
(Deuteronomy 6:4)
Chapter 2 Judaism
Beliefs and Practices (continued)
Torah
613
commandments
God gave Moses Two
Torahs:
 Oral
 Written
Judaism can be summed
up in three words:
 God Torah, Israel
Chapter 2 Judaism
Beliefs and Practices (continued)
God’s covenant with Israel:
“The Chosen People”
“I have given you as a covenant to the people,
a light to the nations”
(Isaiah 42:6)
Chapter 2 Judaism
Sacred Times
Annual Feasts:
Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year, feast of Trumpets
Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement (10 days after Rosh
Hashanah )
Pesach – Passover (God’s saving Hebrews)
Sukkot – Feast of Tabernacles/Booths (Desert times)
Shavuot – Harvest festival / Moses’ reception of Torah
Hanukkah – Festival of Lights (menorah)
Purim – Feast of Lots
Chapter 2 Judaism
Sacred Times (continued)
Shabbat – the Jewish Sabbath
• Weekly event
• Begins Sunset Friday through sunset Saturday
• Obedience to fourth commandment
• Jews rest on the seventh day, as God did
• Shabbat dinner – Friday evening
• Celebrated as a family with Ritual Prayers,
candles, wine, bread
Chapter 2 Judaism
Sacred Places and Sacred Spaces
Temple is associated with ritual sacrifices
Temple was destroyed in 70 CE
Synagogue
House of prayer
House of study
House of assembly
Home
Chapter 2 Judaism
Sacred Places and Sacred Spaces (continued)
At Passover, Jews pray, “Next year in Jerusalem”
Land of Israel (AKA:)
• Israel
• Canaan
• Promised Land
• Judea
• Palestine
• State of Israel
Jerusalem (AKA:)
• Holiest city
• City of David
• Temple
• Holy city for: Judaism,
Christianity, Islam
Chapter 2 Judaism
Judaism through a Catholic Lens
Judaism
Commonalities
History
Scripture
Liturgy
Rituals
Theology
Christianity
Chapter 2 Judaism
Judaism through a Catholic Lens (continued)
Differences
Judaism
Still awaits a Messiah or
messianic age to come
Messiah would be a
human (not God)
warrior-king, political
figure from the House
of David
Christianity
Jesus was the Messiah
Jesus is God
Jesus will return at the
2nd coming
Chapter 2 Judaism
Judaism through a Catholic Lens (continued)
Jewish influences in Catholicism
Jewish
The Hebrew Bible
Passover meal
Passover
Shavuot
Christian
Old Testament
the Lord’s Supper
Holy Thursday
Pentecost
Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary
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Torah
Idolatry
Diaspora
Hellenization
Septuagint
Sadducees
Pharisees
Essenes
Rabbi
Talmud
Monotheistic
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Pogroms
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Yiddish
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Hasidism
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Zionism
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Tanak
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Mishnah
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Midrash
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Sh’ma
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Conversos
Holy of Holies
Mitzvoth
Covenant
Shabbat
Pesach
Yom Kippur
Rosh Hashanah
Mezuzah
Kosher
Arranged
marriage
Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary
Torah – 1st five books of the Bible, Pentateuch,
Idolatry – giving worship to something other than God
Diaspora – Jews living outside Judea (Holy Land)
Hellenization – The adoption of Greek ways and speech
Septuagint – “70” translators of Jewish scriptures to Greek
Sadducees – Jewish leaders who strictly interpreted Torah
Pharisees – Loose interpretation of Torah (resurrection)
Essenes – Monastic Jews responsible for Dead Sea scrolls
Rabbi – My Teacher religious leader who teaches and judges
Talmud – Books of commentaries on the interpretation of Torah
Monotheistic – A belief on one God
Shoah – Hebrew for “calamity”, refers to holocaust in WWII
Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary
Pogrom – the massacre and expulsion of a minority
Yiddish – a language developed from German and Hebrew
Hasidism – Meaning pious, founded by devout Polish Jews, called
Orthodox Jews today
Zionism – the movement which sought the creation of a Jewish
home state (now Israel)
Tanakh - The Hebrew word for the Jewish bible
Mitzvot – A commandment of the Jewish law
Mishnah – the oral Torah or teaching
Midrash – Biblical interpretation typically found in the Talmud's,
which can provide answers for every situation in life
Sh’ma – “Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One” Dt 6:4
Chapter 2 Judaism - Vocabulary
Covenant – a binding, solemn agreement or sacred promise
between God and His people
Shabbat – The Sabbath, begins at sunset on Friday
Pesach – Passover, an annual meal celebrating the Exodus
Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement, the holiest day of the year
Mezuzah – the parchment of Sh’ma in the right doorpost
Kosher – Hebrew for proper, refers to permitted dietary laws
Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year
Holy of Holies – The sanctuary inside the tabernacle in the
Temple of Jerusalem
Conversos – the Spanish Jews who converted to Christianity at
the time of the Spanish Inquisition