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Steps Towards an Islamic Republic of Pakistan
1. Khutba Hujjat-ul-vida of Hazrat Mohammad (SAW) is a recognised charter of Human rights. Discuss it in the light of
the statement.
Answer
i
Undoubtedly the last address of the Holy prophet is the substance of the teachings of Islam. It explains the true relationship
between man and God.
ii This address lays down the basic principles of Islamic social system. Social equality, elimination of social and ethnic
distinctions, right of women, better treatment with the slaves, respect for one another's, life and property --- these are the
bases on which the social system of Islam is established.
iii. In order to minimise economic inequality the Holy Prophet forbade usury because usury provides an opportunity to the rich
and wealthy to accumulate wealth without any effort or risk. .
iv. This address of the Holy prophet (SAW) determined some important principles of law e.g, principle of individual responsibility
and rules regarding inheritance etc.
v. From political point of view, this last address of the Holy' Prophet can safely be called the charter of Islam. The whole world
has been informed about the principles on which an Islamic state is bases. The system built on the basis of these principles
will surely be a blessing for humanity. Therefore, it has rightly been called" the greatest charter for humanity"
vi. The last address of the Holy prophet (SAW) is revolutionary one. It is a universal charter Of human rights. It declare that
sovereignty belongs to Allah, All the people are children of Adam and, therefore, equal, It declares the sacredness of life
property and honour of everyone. It lays special emphasis on the rights of women arid slaves. Before Islam, the women and
slaves had no right at all. The Prophet declared the elimination, ' of any distinction on the basis of colour, race, creed etc
among the people. The only basis of superiority in Islam is piety and innocence.
Q2. Discuss any five provisions of "objectives Resolution';
Answer
The "objectives Resolution” was passed by the first constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 12th March 1949 under the Prime
Minister ship of Liaqat Ali Khan. It consisted of many provisions. Five important provisions are given below:
i.
Sovereignty belongs to Allah Almighty. God has delegated powers to the state and people of Pakistan. These powers are a
sacred trust which shall be exercised within the limits prescribed by God.
ii The Islamic Principles of democracy freedom, equality tolerance and social justice shall be followed.
iii. The people shall be enabled to lead their lives, individually and collectively, in accordance with the teachings of Islam.
iv. Adequate provisions shall be made for minorities to prefer, propagate, and practice their religions and develop their culture
and traditions.
v. Fundamental right of freedom equality, property expression of thought, belief, worship and association shall be guaranteed.
Comments
Passing of "objectives Resolution" was the greatest step in the constitutional history of Pakistan. It laid down the fundamental
principles on which the constitution' was to be framed. This Resolution has attained the status of Magna Carta in our
constitutional history. It has been included as a preamble in all the later constitutions of Pakistan. This Resolution clearly
indicates that Pakistan would be an Islamic and democrat state. It rules out any Possibility of theocracy. As Pakistan was
established in the name of religion, it was supposed. that Pakistan would be a theocratic state, but the "objectives Resolution"
removed such fears and it was stated that Pakistan will be Democratic Republic.
Q3.Write down the Islamic Provisions of constitution of 1973.
Answer
All the three constitutions of Pakistan contained Islamic Provisions, but the 1973 'constitution has more Islamic Provisions as
compared with the other two constitutions. The Islamic provisions are given below: .
i. Sovereignty
The "objectives Resolution” of 1949 has been included in the 1973 constitution as a preamble. It states that sovereignty over
the whole universe belongs to Allah and the people of Pakistan shall exercise sovereign powers within the limits prescribed by
God. There powers are a "sacred trust" delegated to the state and people of Pakistan and, therefore, cannot be exercised
against His will.
ii. Country's Name.
The country has been named, "Islamic Republic of Pakistan" Thus Pakistan. is an Islamic country.
iii. Religion
Islam is the state religion. The Govt. will endeavour to promote Islamic teachings and Islamic values in the country.
iv. President and the Prime Minister
According of the province of 1973 constitution the president and the Prime Minister of Pakistan must be staunch Muslims.
While taking oath of their office they undertake to promote Islamic teachings.
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v. Define of Muslim
For the first time, the definition of a Muslims has been included in the constitution of 1973. "A person, who believes in the
oneness of Allah the absolute finality of Prophet hood of Mohammad (SAW) the Day of Judgement and revealed Books, is a
Muslim".
vi Islamic laws.
According to the provisions of 1973 constitutions no law can be conferred which is repugnant to the teachings of Islam.
Moreover. All the existing laws will be brought into conformity with Islamic principles within a period of seven years.
vii. Teaching of Arabic and correct printing of the Holy Quran.
Teaching of Arabic was made compulsory in schools from class 6 to 8. Error free printing of the Holy Quran was ensured.
viii. Zakat and Usher
According to the constituting of 1973, the govt. will establish the system of Zakat and Usher. For this purpose Zakat. councils
have been formed.
ix. Islamic Ideology Council
Under the constitution a council of Islamic Ideology has been established. This council guides the parliament to make laws
according to the tenants of Islam. It also tries to bring the existing laws into conformity with Islam.
x Relations with Islamic countries
Islam is a universal and comprehensive religion. Its devotees and adherents live in different countries. All the Muslims in the
world are one 'Umma'. Therefore the constitution of 1973 laid emphasis an promoting friendly relations with all the Muslim
countries.
xi. Islamic Society
The Muslims will be enabled, individual1y and collectively, to lead their lives according to the teachings of Islam. The promotion
of ' Islamic values, for instance, democracy, equity, liberty and equality will be the main objective of the constitution.
xii. Compulsory Islamic Teachings
According to the constitution of 1973, the subject of "Islamic Studies" was made compulsory in. schools, colleges and
universities up to Degree level.
xiii. Elimination of Riba (interest, usury)
Under the constitution of 1973, the govt. shall eliminate Riba and make the economy of the country free from Riba. Interest free
banking has been introduced.
Q4. Discuss the process of Islamization in Pakistan.
Answer.
Pakistan is an ideological state. It is the only country in the world that was established in the name of religion. The very purpose
of its establishment was to enforce Islamic way of life. The efforts made from time of time for Islamization are briefly given
below.
i. Hadood ordinance.
Hadood Ordinance was imposed on 10th February, 1979 under which the offences against property, rape, Zina and Qazf were
considered grievous crimes and Islamic punishment were imposed.
ii Zakat and Usher
The system of Zakat and Usher was enforced on June, 20 1980. The govt. was empowered to deduct Zakat from the bank
deposits on 1st Ramadan at the rate of 2.5%. The Zakat money is distributed by the Zakat councils among the poor and the
needy. The collection of 'usher' started in 1983 under which 10% of the specific amount of agricultural. yield is liable to be
realised.
iii. Interest-free Banking
On 151 January 1981, the. profit and loss sharing accounts were opened in order to eliminate interest. All the saving accounts
were converted into PLS accounts with effect from 1st July 1984. Besides this, all the financial institutions under the control of
the government started giving loans on profit and loss sharing basics.
iv. Compulsory Islamyat
The teaching of "Islamic studies" has been made compulsory in schools, colleges, and universities up to Degree level.
v. Islamic courts .
Shariat Benches in all the High courts were established on 10 th February 1979 in which religious scholars were included as
judges. In May 1980 Shariat Benches were converted into Shari at courts. Similarly their is a shari at Bench of Supreme court.
These courts can declare any law null and void if it is repugnant to Islamic Teachings.
vi. Compulsory Teaching of Arabia
In schools, the teaching of Arabic has been made compulsory from class 6th to 8th.
vii. Sanctity of Ramadan Ordinance
Under this ordinance eating and drinking at open places has bee forbidden. Anyone found guilty of. violating this ordinance can
be imprisoned for three months or fined Rs. 500 or can be given both the punishment.
viii. Arrangements for prayer
During the region of Zia-ul-Haq arrangements for offering Zuhar prayers were made in the government and semi-government
offices and educational institutions. Salat committees were constituted to motivate the people for salat. Mosques were built in the
premises of, offices, schools, colleges and universities.
ix. Islamic university
An Islamic university has been established in Islamabad which started functioning on January 2, 1981. It makes research in all
the fields of Islamic law and jurisprudence.
x. Patronage of Deeni Madaris
The government has started patronising the Deeni Madaris. Financial aid is granted to them, every year and the Saud (Degree)
of Dars-e-Nizami has been recognised as equivalent to the Degree of M.A this step is a great source of encouragement for
Deeni Madaris. Maktab Masjid institutions have been opened to spread Islamic education.
xi: Patronage of Islamic Festivals
Islamic festivals like, Shab-e-Meraj, shab-e-Barat, Eid Milad-unNabi have always been celebrated by the Muslim with devotion
and religious fervours but for last many years the government has started encouraging and patronising these festivals. Some
times the ministers of the government lead religious processions and shawls are laid on the tombs of saints by the govt. officials.
xii. Helping the disabled and the widows
During the period of Zia-ul-Haq various steps were taken to mould the society in Islamic shape. The poor, the needy, the
disabled and the widows were given financial aid out of Zakat Fund. Special quota for such people \vas allowed in the
government services. Many institutions were established for the welfare of the blind and the disabled.
xiii. Islamization of Means of Communication
The means of communication play very important role in promoting some ideology. During the Martial-law period of Zia-ul-Haq,
the Radio, T.V. etc under went a spectacular change. They began to present Islamic programmes. Now. the radio and T.V.
broadcast telecast such programmes as are based on morality, religion and ideology of Pakistan. Azan, Traweeh Prayer
Manask-e-Hajj and Mahfile-e-Shabina are shown on the T.V.
xiv. Islamic jurisprudence
In all the law colleges under the government, the education of Islamic jurisprudence has been made compulsory.
xv. Facilities for Hajj
The government has provided more and more facilities for the people to perform Hajj. The pilgrims are provided better
residences and medical facilities. Now all those people can perform Hajj whose relatives living abroad offer to bear the
expenses.
xvi. Shariat Bill
In 1991, the parliament of Pakistan approved the Shariat Bill under which the government is bound to enforce shariat. Two
separate commissions have been constituted to mould economy and educational system according to the teachings of Islam.
This bill will help to eliminate Un-Islamic laws and customs in the country.
xviii. Establishment of bait-ul-mal
Bait-ui-mal was established in February, 1992 with initial fund of two hundred crore rupees. Since 1993, a hundred corore more
has been specified. Now Zakat Foundation has been amalgamated into Bait-ul-mal. The poor, the needy, the destitute arid
widows are given financial help out of this fund Even the non-Muslims can avail this
help.
Q5. Discuss any ten Civil Rights of citizens.
Answer
Civil Rights.
All democratic and civilised states grant civil rights to their citizens. Such right are essential for civilised life in the society. No
society can exist or progress without them. There are many civil rights. However, ten most important right are given below:
i- Right to life
Every citizen has the basic right to live. It is the duty of the state of safeguard the life of its citizen. This is the fundamental right
and all other rights are meaningless without this right. It is so sacred that even the citizen himself cannot take his own life i.e.
committing suicide is also a crime.
ii. Right to Residence.
Every citizen has a right to live any where in the territory of the state.
iii. Right to property.
Every citizen has the right to process property in his name. By lawful means he can make as much private property as possible.
iv. Right to Family
Every citizen has a right to marry and lead a conjugal life. He can even have more than one wives and can produce as many
children as he wishes.
v. Right to Profession
Every citizen has the right to adopt profession of his own choice. He can change his profession or business if he likes.
vi. Right to faith and Religion
Every citizen has a right to adopt any religion he deems true. He has the right to profess his faith, propagate it and worship in
any way he likes. Nobody can be forced by the state to follow any particular religion.
vii. Right to expression
Every citizen enjoys the freedom to express 'his thoughts. He can reveal his ideas in writing or orally.
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viii. Right to Education.
Every citizen has the right to get education of whatever type he likes.
ix. Right to Association
Every citizen has the right to join any association or political party. He can make his won association also.
x. Right to movement
Every citizen has Complete freedom to move about any where in the territory of the state. He can stay and reside wherever he
likes.
Q6. Discuss any five political right of the citizen.
Answer
All civilized and democratic states grant some political rights to their citizens. Democracy has been considered to be the best
form of government and the progress and development of democracy depends upon giving political rights to the people of a
state. Five important political right are given below.
1. Right to vote
Every citizen, male or female, has right to vote for his favourite candidate in the elections.
2. Right to Election
Every citizen has the right to contest election. He can offer himself as candidate in local Bodies, provincial or National elections.
3 Right of criticism
Every citizen has the right to criticise the polices of the government. He has a right to mould public opinion against the
government and thus try to. get the government changed.
4. Right to join or form Political Party
Every citizen has a right to join any political party. If he does not like any party, he can form his own political party.
5. Right to complaint
Every citizen has the right to make a complaint to the government. against any harm done to him by government or other
citizens.
Q7. Discuss any seven duties of the citizens.
Answer
Rights and Duties are interdependent. No man can hope for only rights without performing certain duties. The
state gives many civil, political and economic rights to its citizens and in lieu of those rights the citizens have to
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perform some duties also. The main duties of a citizens are given below:
i. Loyalty to state.
Every citizen is expected to be loyal to the country and state. He must always be ready to make every type of sacrifice for the
solidarity and defence of the country.
ii. Abide by the laws
A good citizen must abide by the rules and laws of the country. He should refrain form breaking the laws. Laws regulate the lives
of the citizens and bring peace and security iI1 the country.
iii. Payment of Taxes
All the citizens are bound to pay different taxes imposed by the government. The government needs a lot of revenue to perform
different welfare functions. No government can be run with out collecting taxes. Therefore, a good citizen always pays taxes in
time.
iv. National Interest
It is the responsibility of a good citizen to be broad minded. He should always prefer national interest to his personal, local or
provincial interests. This is essential for the solidarity of the nation. Parochialism and provincialism harms the national interests.
v. Learning of knowledge
It is the right as well as duty of every citizen to educate himself and his offspring's. Without proper education and knowledge of
problems of the country, a citizen cannot render any valuable service to the society.
vi. Service of society
It is the duty of a citizen to serve the society and the country with all his capabilities. He should not be selfish and self-centred.
His aim of life should be to serve others.
vii. Cooperation
A citizen is a required to cooperate with other members of society and the citizens of state so that society many make progress.
He should also cooperate with the government to promote good and eradicate evils.
Q8. Give any ten clauses of international Human Rights Declaration of 1948.
Answer
The Human Rights commission was constituted by the united Nations in February 1946 to prepare a draft of human rights arid to
put it up before the General Assembly in 1948. The said commission presented its draft before the General Assembly on 10th
December1948. The General Assembly approved the draft. Ten main clauses of the Human Rights Declaration are given below.
1. All the people are born free and have equal rights and honour.
2. Every person is equal irrespective of his colour, race, language, religion, faith and country and has equal rights and liberties.
3. Every person has right of life and personal security.
4. No person can be made slave. Every kind of slavery and trade of slaves in prohibited.
5. Every one is equal before law and has equal right of defence.
6. Everyone has protection from interference with his privacy, family and personal life.
7. Every is innocent unless allegations against him are proved in the court of law.
8. Every one has right to have property individually or collectively.
9. Everyone has freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
10. Every adult man or woman has the right of marriage irrespective of race, caste or religion.
Objective Questions With Answers
Four probable answers are written below. One is correct. Tick the right answer.
I. In Islam, sovereignty belongs to
a. Parliament
b. People
c. King
d. Allah Almighty
2. According to Objective Resolution the system of country will be
a. Unitary
b. Non-federal
c. Federal
d. Presidential
3. Objective Resolution was passed in
a. 1947
b. 1948
c. 1949
d. 1946
4. Basic Principles committee's second report was presented by
a. Quaid-e-Azam b. Kh. Nazim-ud-Din
c. Liaquat Ali Khan d. Feroze Khan Noon
5. The Constitution of Pakistan 1956 was implemented on
a. 23 March
b. 14 August
c. 8 June
d. 27 October
6. The Constitution of Pakistan 1962 was passed by
a. Iskandar Mirza b. Ayub Khan
c. Yahya Khan
d. Ch. Muhammad Ali
7. The Hadood Ordinance was implemented by
a. AyubKhan
b. Zia-ul-Haq
c. Muhammad Khan Jamali d. Zaffar-ullah Jamali
8. The Basic Principles Committee's 1st Report was published in
a. 1948
c. 1950
b. 1949
d, 1951
9. First charter of Human Rights is
a. International Charter
b. UN Charter
c. Khjutba-Hajjat-ul-Vida
d. French constitution
Fill in the blanks.
1Pakistan came into being on August 14 _______________
2. Objective Resolution was passed on March 12,__________
3. First Constitution of Pakistan was approved on February 29 __________
4. Second Constitution of Pakistan was implemented on June 8 ________
5. Third Constitution of Pakistan was lamented on August14, __________
6. Apart of Pakistan i.e. ________ was separated in 1971.
7. Federal Shriat Court was established in May _________
8. International Declaration of Human rights was passed in the year of _____________
9. Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) delivered his last sermon in the field of Arfat in the year of ____________
10. Yahya Khan held general election in December ______________
Answers
1.
1947
3.
1956
5.
1973
7.
1974
9.
63 Hijri
Answer
2.
1949
4.
1962
6.
Bangladesh
8.
1973
10.
1962
Match column. 'A' with column the answer in column 'C'.
NO
Column A
Column B
Column C
1
South Asia Resolution
Liaquat Ali Khan
Sub-continent
2
Objective Resolution
Sovereignty
1949
3.
Fist. Prime Minister
Martial Law 1969
Liaquat Ali Khan
4.
Allah Almighty
1949
Sovereignty
5.
Ayub Khan
Compulsory Education
Martial Law 1958
6.
Yahya Khan
Charter of Human Rights
Martial Law 1969
7.
State religion
Martial Law 1958
Islam
8
Election of President of
Pakistan
9.
Arabic
10.
Hajjat-ul-Vida.
Sub-continent
Islam
5 year
5 year
Compulsory Education
Charter of Human Rights
Write down brief answers.
1. Discuss the importance of Objective Resolution.
Answer
This resolution was passed by the First Constituent Assembly in March 1949 under the leadership of Liaquat Ali Khan. It
contained those objectives, on which the future constitution was to be based. This resolution is of fundamental importance in
the history of constitutions making in Pakistan because from the first constitution of 1956 till the constitution of 1973 (present
constitution) whatever constitution was framed it was, based on this objective resolution. It contains those steps and
principles which were to be taken for the fulfilment of the basic aim of the freedom struggle that is the establishment of an
Islamic society in Pakistan. Hence, it is a significant document in the constitutional history of Pakistan.
2. Discuss three provisions of second report of Basic Principles Committee (BC).
Answer
Following are the provisions of second report of Basic Principles Committee.
 Objective resolution may be included in the preamble of the constitution.
 Muslims may be provided opportunities to lead their lives individually or collectively in accordance with the teachings of
The Quran and Sunnah.
 Drinking, gambling and riba may be declared unlawful.
 The equitable rights of labourers and farmer may be
3. Write five Islamic provisions of Constitution of Pakistan 1956.
Answer
Following are the provisions of 1956 constitution of Pakistan.
 Pakistan was declared as an Islamic Republic.
 It was admitted in the constitution that sovereignty over Le world belongs to Allah the Almighty.
 The president of Pakistan will be a Muslim.
 Riba will be eliminated from the country.
 Only Islamic laws will be enforced in the country.
4. Write five Islamic provisions of Constitution of Pakistan 1973.
Answer
The following are the Islamic provisions of 1973 constitution based on the principles of Holy Quran and Sunnah.
 Islamic Republic of Pakistan
 State Religion
 Sovereignty Belongs to Allah
 Definition of a Muslim
 A Muslim to be a President and Prime Minister.
 Islamic Way of life
 Promotion of Social Justice and Eradication of Social Evils
 Teachings of Holy Quran
 Strengthening Bond with Muslim World
 Council of Islamic Ideology
 Error Free publication of Quran
 Oath to Project and Promote Islamic Ideology
 Ahmadis A Non Muslim Minority
5. What do you know about the sovereignty of Allah Almighty?
Answer
The sacred pages of the Holy Quran impart a very unique concept of sovereignty of Allah the Almighty. No mortal can fit into
the frame portrayed by the Holy Quran. Surah Ikhlas (Chapter 112) of the Glorious Quran, is the touchstone of the
sovereignty of Allah the Almighty. the entire Universe belongs to Almighty Allah and the authority bestowed by him on men is
a sacred trust which the people of Pakistan will exercise with the limits prescribed by Quran and Sunnah.
6. Define Muslim.
Answer
A Muslim is the person who believes in Tauheed or Oneness of Allah, and in the prophet hood Of Hazrat Mohammad
(P.B.U.H) as the last prophet of Allah.
7. Discuss three functions of Islamic Ideology Council.
Answer
The council of Islamic ideology which guides the government in respect of Islamic teachings, their implementation and
propagation. President appoints its chairman and members. Although its advice is not binding on the government yet it is not
easy for any government to ignore or over rule its suggestion or opinion regarding any law.
8. Define "'Rights"
Answer
Rights
Rights are those demands of the people that are very just and are fulfilled by the government.
9. What do you know about "Duties"?
Answer
Duties
The responsibilities that the citizens are expected to perform in lieu of the rights they enjoy, are called duties.
The UN Charter of Human Rights and Duties of the citizens
The UN Charter of Human Rights says: Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of
his personality is possible. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are
determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of
meeting the just requirements or morality, public 'order and the general welfare in a democratic society.
10. Give any five provisions of International Human Rights Declaration of 1948.
Answer
The Human Rights Declaration 1948
The United Nations constituted a Human Rights Commission in February 1946 to prepare a draft of the basic Human rights
and to present it before the General Assembly. The commission presented and got approved the draft on December 10,
1948. This draft of the Human rights was later on called 'Human Rights Declaration 1948.
Important Clauses of Human Rights Declaration The important clauses of the Human rights declaration are:
Right to Life
 Right to Education
 Right to Freedom of Thought
 Right to freedom of Expression
 Right to Property
 Right to family
 Right to Residence
 Legal Rights
 Right of not freedom
 Right to safety against inhuman treatment
11. What do you know about moral rights?
Answer
The moral rights are bared on the moral values of the society. The type of moral values available in a society, ensure moral
rights of the people. The law does not come into operation by itself, If these right save net fulfilled.
12. Give three characteristics of Human Rights.
Answer
Following are the characteristics of Human Rights.
 The Human rights are comprehensive
 The courts protect the human rights.
 These are better than legal rights.
 The government of a country is the custodian of human right.