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DNA and Protein Synthesis Quest
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. A vaccine is
a. a substance that kills bacteria or viruses.
b. an antibody.
c. a plasmid that contains disease-causing genes.
d. a harmless version of a disease-causing microbe.
2. Griffith’s transformation experiments
a. changed proteins into DNA.
b. caused non-harmful bacteria to become deadly.
c. resulted in DNA molecules becoming proteins.
d. were designed to show the effect of heat on bacteria.
3. Griffith’s experiments showed that
a. dead bacteria could be brought back to life.
b. harmful bacteria were hardier than harmless bacteria.
c. heat caused the harmful and harmless varieties of bacteria to fuse.
d. genetic material could be transferred between dead bacteria and living bacteria.
4. Avery’s experiments showed that transformation
a. is prevented by protein-destroying enzymes.
b. is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes.
c. causes protein to become DNA.
d. is caused by a protein.
5. Oswald Avery and his research team concluded that
a. RNA was the genetic material.
b. protein bases were the genetic material.
c. DNA and RNA were found in the human nucleus.
d. DNA was the genetic material.
6. Using radioactive tracers to determine the interactions of bacteriophages and their host bacteria, Hershey and
Chase demonstrated without question that
a. genes are composed of protein molecules.
b. DNA and proteins are actually the same molecules located in different parts of cells.
c. bacteria inject their DNA into the cytoplasm of bacteriophages.
d. DNA is the molecule that stores genetic information in cells.
7. All of the following are true of the viruses Hershey and Chase used in their study except
a. they consisted of DNA surrounded by a protein coat.
b. they injected their DNA into cells.
c. they destroyed the DNA of the infected bacteria.
d. they caused infected bacteria to make many new viruses.
8. The scientist who worked with Martha Chase to prove that genetic material is composed of DNA was
a. Alfred Hershey.
c. Francis Crick.
b. Oswald Avery.
d. Rosalind Franklin.
9. All of the following are true about the structure of DNA except
a. short strands of DNA are contained in chromosomes inside the nucleus of a cell.
b. every DNA nucleotide contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
c. DNA consists of two strands of nucleotides joined by hydrogen bonds.
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d. the long strands of nucleotides are twisted into a double helix.
Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
a. amino acids.
c. monosaccharides.
b. fatty acids.
d. nucleotides.
Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?
a. deoxyribose
c. phosphate
b. nitrogen base
d. ribose
A nucleotide consists of
a. a sugar, a protein, and adenine.
b. a sugar, an amino acid, and starch.
c. a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
d. a starch, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the
a. phosphate group.
c. nitrogen base.
b. sugar.
d. None of the above
____ 14. The entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n)
a. amino acid.
c. polysaccharide.
b. nucleotide.
d. pyrimidine.
____ 15. Purines and pyrimidines are
a. nitrogen bases found in amino acids.
b. able to replace phosphate groups from defective DNA.
c. names of specific types of DNA molecules.
d. classification groups for nitrogen bases.
____ 16. Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?
a. adenine—thymine; uracil—cytosine
c. adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosine
b. adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine
d. uracil—thymine; guanine—cytosine
____ 17. Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that
a. DNA and RNA have the same structure.
b. DNA is made of two strands that twist into a double helix.
c. guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine.
d. thymine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine.
____ 18. The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are
a. Avery and Chargaff.
c. Mendel and Griffith.
b. Hershey and Chase.
d. Watson and Crick.
____ 19. X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that
a. DNA and RNA are the same molecules.
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b. DNA is composed of either purines or pyrimidines, but not both.
c. DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled helix.
d. DNA and proteins have the same basic structure.
The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of
a. protein.
c. adenine.
b. thymine.
d. cytosine.
During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a
portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be
a. TTGCATG.
c. CCTAGCT.
b. AAGTATC.
d. GGATCGA.
The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA
a. is accomplished by DNA polymerase.
b. is accomplished only in the presence of tRNA.
c. prevents separation of complementary strands of RNA.
d. is the responsibility of the complementary DNA mutagens.
Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?
a. It must occur before a cell can divide.
b. Two complementary strands are duplicated.
c. The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated.
d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.
The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases are
a. replicases.
c. helicases.
b. DNA polymerases.
d. None of the above
The enzymes that unwind DNA are called
a. double helixes.
c. forks.
b. DNA helicases.
d. phages.
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
a. is single-stranded.
c. contains the nitrogen base uracil.
b. contains a different sugar molecule.
d. All of the above
Which of the following is not found in DNA?
a. adenine
c. uracil
b. cytosine
d. None of the above
RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars have an additional oxygen atom, and the base
thymine is replaced by a structurally similar base called
a. uracil.
c. cytosine.
b. alanine.
d. codon.
In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
a. cytosine.
c. thymine.
b. guanine.
d. uracil.
The function of rRNA is to
a. synthesize DNA.
c. form ribosomes.
b. synthesize mRNA.
d. transfer amino acids to ribosomes.
During transcription,
a. proteins are synthesized.
c. RNA is produced.
b. DNA is replicated.
d. translation occurs.
During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is “rewritten” as a molecule of
a. messenger RNA.
c. transfer RNA.
b. ribosomal RNA.
d. translation RNA.
____ 33. Transcription proceeds when RNA polymerase
a. attaches to a ribosome.
c. binds to a strand of RNA.
b. binds to a strand of DNA.
d. attaches to a promoter molecule.
____ 34. Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)
a. RNA molecule.
c. uracil molecule.
b. DNA molecule.
d. transposon.
____ 35. repressor : operator::
a. promoter : RNA polymerase
c. terminator : RNA polymerase
b. promoter : DNA
d. terminator : DNA
____ 36. Each of the following is a type of RNA except
a. carrier RNA.
c. ribosomal RNA.
b. messenger RNA.
d. transfer RNA.
____ 37. At the very beginning of translation, the first tRNA molecule
a. binds to the ribosome’s A site.
b. attaches directly to the DNA codon.
c. connects an amino acid to its anticodon.
d. attaches to the P site of the ribosome.
____ 38. A ribosome has
a. one binding site for DNA.
b. three binding sites used during translation.
c. four binding sites for tRNA.
d. no binding sites since the proteins must detach.
____ 39. Transfer RNA
a. carries an amino acid to its correct codon.
b. synthesizes amino acids as they are needed.
c. produces codons to match the correct anticodons.
d. converts DNA into mRNA.
____ 40. Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)
a. mutagen.
c. anticodon.
b. codon.
d. exon.
Use the diagram below of a strand of an mRNA and the genetic code shown there to answer the following
questions:
mRNA: CUCAAGUGCUUC
Genetic Code:
____ 41. Refer to the illustration above. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by the piece of mRNA
shown in the diagram?
a. Ser—Tyr—Arg—Gly
c. Leu—Lys—Cys—Phe
b. Val—Asp—Pro—His
d. Pro—Glu—Leu—Val
____ 42. Refer to the illustration above. The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA in the diagram are
a. GAG—UUC—ACG—AAG.
c. CUC—GAA—CGU—CUU.
b. GAG—TTC—ACG—AAG.
d. CUU—CGU—GAA—CUC.
____ 43. Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand in the diagram was
made?
a. CUCAAGUGCUUC
c. GAGTTCACGAAG
b. GAGUUCACGAAG
d. AGACCTGTAGGA
____ 44. In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must migrate to the
a. ribosomes.
c. RNA polymerase.
b. lac operon.
d. heterochromatin.
____ 45. During translation, the amino acid detaches from the transfer RNA molecule and attaches to the end of a
growing protein chain when
a. the ribosomal RNA anticodon binds to the messenger RNA codon.
b. the transfer RNA anticodon binds to the messenger RNA codon.
c. a “stop” codon is encountered.
d. the protein chain sends a signal through the nerve cells to the brain.
mRNA codons
amino acid
UAU, UAC
tyrosine
CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG
proline
GAU, GAC
aspartic acid
AUU, AUC, AUA
isoleucine
UGU, UGC
cysteine
____ 46. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline,
aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given above to determine which of
the possible answers contains a DNA sequence that codes for this amino acid sequence.
a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG
c. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA
b. ATGGGTCTATATACG
d. ATAGGGCTTTAAACA
____ 47. In bacteria, a group of genes that code for functionally related enzymes, their promoter site, and the operator
that controls them all function together as a(n)
a. exon.
c. operon.
b. intron.
d. ribosome.
____ 48. The function of an operator is to
a. regulate access of RNA polymerase to specific genes.
b. turn on and off the molecules of tRNA.
c. control the process of transcription within the nucleus.
d. generate amino acids for protein synthesis.
____ 49. Cells must control gene expression so that
a. their genes will only be expressed when needed.
b. their genes will always be expressed.
c. their genes will never be expressed.
d. genetic disorders can be corrected.
____ 50. A repressor protein
a. prevents DNA synthesis.
b. blocks movement of RNA polymerase.
c. attaches to ribosomes during translation.
d. destroys amino acids before protein synthesis occurs.
____ 51. The presence of a repressor molecule prevents the action of what enzyme?
a. DNA polymerase
c. RNA polymerase
b. lactase
d. permease
____ 52. The lac operon is shut off when
a. lactose is present.
c. glucose is present.
b. lactose is absent.
d. glucose is absent.
____ 53. Transcription factors are
a. enhancers.
c. regulatory proteins.
b. promoters.
d. None of the above
____ 54. The portions of DNA molecules that actually code for the production of proteins are called
a. mutons.
c. introns.
b. exons.
d. exposons.
____ 55. The non-coding portions of DNA that are separated from the portions of DNA actually used during
transcription are called
a. mutons.
c. introns.
b. exons.
d. exposons.
____ 56. Many biologists believe that having the genes of eukaryotic cells interrupted by introns
a. prevents the code from being copied.
b. causes severely damaging mutations.
c. ensures that replication occurs correctly.
d. provides evolutionary flexibility.
____ 57. Many thousands of proteins may have arisen from only a few thousand exons because
a. an exon may be used by many different genes.
b. there really is no difference between one protein and another.
c. an exon does not actually code for any meaningful information.
d. one gene can code for hundreds of different proteins.
DNA and Protein Synthesis Quest
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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