* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Mrs. Whitecar CMS 7 th grade Ch 12 TEST: Adaptations over time
Survey
Document related concepts
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Objections to evolution wikipedia , lookup
Unilineal evolution wikipedia , lookup
Evolving digital ecological networks wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Vestigiality wikipedia , lookup
Creation and evolution in public education wikipedia , lookup
Acceptance of evolution by religious groups wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Paleontology wikipedia , lookup
Catholic Church and evolution wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Punctuated equilibrium wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Name______________________________________ Mrs. Whitecar CMS Pd.____ 7th grade Ch 12 TEST: Adaptations over time True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____ 1. Evolution continues to occur in organisms today. ____ 2. Evidence supports both punctuated equilibrium and gradualism. ____ 3. Scientists know the exact rate of evolution. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 4. ____ are remains of life from an earlier time. a. Sedimentary rocks c. Variations b. Fossils d. Limestones 5. Scientists can tell whether organisms are closely related by comparing their ____. a. hair color c. DNA b. teeth d. scientific names 6. Change in the hereditary features of a type of organism over time is ____. a. growth c. spontaneous generation b. biogenesis d. evolution 7. A(n) ____ is a group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce among themselves. a. species c. family b. genus d. order 8. Which characteristic separated hominids from apes? a. larger body c. larger eyes and ears b. larger teeth d. larger brain Matching Match each term with the correct description below. a. Lamarck’s explanation of evolution g. natural selection b. camouflage h. variation c. homologous structures i. embryology d. vestigial structures j. Penicillin e. species k. gradualism f. Darwin’s Book l. punctuated equilibrium ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. when an organism blends into its environment an antiobiotic made from fungus that is an example of punctuated equilibrium. study of the development of the embryos of organisms evolution as a slow change of one species to another Origin of the Species body parts that are reduced in size with no apparent function survival of the fittest evolution as a result of acquired characteristics a trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species rapid evolution with few intermediate forms body parts that are similar in origin and structure a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves Match each early human with the correct description below. a. Homo habilis c. Cro-Magnon b. Australopithecus d. Neanderthal ____ 21. fossil characterized by a small brain cavity but humanlike jaw and teeth (hint: not homo habilis) ____ 22. known as the “handy man” because of simple stone tools found near the fossil (hint: closely related to the current human Homo sapien) ____ 23. lived in art-decorated caves and buried their dead (not neanderthal) ____ 24. lived in family groups in caves and hunted with well-made stone tools (make grunting sounds and there are new commercials about them). Completion Complete each statement. 25. Primates have a(n) ____________________ thumb that allows them to reach and grasp. (opposable or fifth) 26. ____________________ were humanlike primates who walked upright on two legs and ate plants and animals. (Hominids or Chimps) 27. The earliest known hominid is _________________________. (Australopithecus or neanderthal) 28. Homologous structures indicate that two or more species might share ______________________________. (common ancestors or common diseases) 29. ____________________ is an adaptation that enables an organism to blend into its environment. (camouflage or mimicry) 30. A(n) ____________________ is any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment. (adaptation or mutation) Short Answer 31-45 (Choose 5) Do more for extra credit. 31. Discuss Lucy, the almost-complete skeleton of Australopithecus. 32. Give an example of traits that you would expect to inherit if Lamarck’s explanation of evolution were correct. 33. How does the movement of new individuals into a population help bring about evolution? 34. Why is Darwin’s theory of natural selection sometimes described as “survival of the fittest”? 35. Relate the brain size of Australopithecus to that of Homo habilis and Homo erectus. Why do their brain sizes vary? 35. Explain how camouflage is an adaptation. 37. The cross section in Figure 12-1 shows undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock. Which organism, A or B, is older? Explain. Figure 12–1 38. How are evolution and natural selection related? 39. Explain why the Galapagos Islands were important to Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection and Evolution. 40. List one piece of evidence scientists use to prove evolution and explain it. You may draw it as well. 41. Explain what a (a)vestigial structure is (b) give an example and (c) explain how it proves evolution. 42. Explain why some doctors do not like to prescribe penicillin unless they are sure you need it. (hint: deals with punctuated equilibrium of the bacteria that causes pneumonia). 43. Explain the difference between punctuated equilibrium and gradualism. 44. How are adaptations (beneficial variations or mutations) related to how organisms evolve? 45. If one organism of a species has the ability to change colors and the others don’t, how would scientists determine if it should be classified as a brand new species. Ch 12 Answer Section TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1 2. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1 3. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1 4. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 4/2 5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 6/2 6. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1 8. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 8/3 9. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 10. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 5/2 11. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 6/2 12. ANS: K PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1 13. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 5/2 14. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 6/2 15. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1 16. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1 17. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 18. ANS: L PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 3/1 19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 6/2 20. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 1/1 21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 9/3 22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 9/3 23. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 9/3 24. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 9/3 DIF: B OBJ: 7/3 MULTIPLE CHOICE MATCHING COMPLETION 25. ANS: opposable PTS: 1 26. ANS: Hominids PTS: 1 DIF: B OBJ: 9/3 B OBJ: 9/3 DIF: A OBJ: 6/2 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 DIF: B OBJ: 2/1 27. ANS: Australopithecus PTS: 1 DIF: 28. ANS: common ancestors PTS: 1 29. ANS: Camouflage PTS: 1 30. ANS: adaptation PTS: 1 SHORT ANSWER 31. ANS: Found in northern Africa in 1974, Lucy had a small brain but probably walked upright. Her remains indicate that modern hominids might have evolved from similar ancestors. PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 9/3 32. ANS: Answers will vary, but should always be an acquired trait, such as the ability to read music or play an instrument. PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 1/1 33. ANS: They bring new DNA and increase the possibility of more variations in the population, leading to evolution. PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 2/1 34. ANS: Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. Some individuals have variations that give them a better chance to survive and reproduce. They would be “the fittest.” PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 1/1 35. ANS: Australopithecus had a small brain, Homo habilis had a slightly larger brain, and Homo erectus had an even larger brain. The brain sizes among these early humans vary because a large brain was an adaptation of humans. PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 8/3 36. ANS: Adaptations are variations that make an organism better suited to its environment. Camouflage is an adaptation because it enables an organism to blend into the environment, protecting itself and making it more likely to survive and reproduce. PTS: 1 DIF: A OBJ: 2/1 37. ANS: A is older because it is found at a deeper layer of rock. PTS: 1 DIF: B 38. ANS: Evolution occurs by way of natural selection. PTS: 1 OBJ: 5/2 39. ANS: Finches that originated from the mainland differed and “evolved” based on new food that was available on sister islands. PTS: 1 40. ANS: Embryology Fossils DNA Homologous structures Vestigial Structures PTS: 1 41. ANS: a) A structure that an organism has but does not use b) Tail Bone c) Says we are related to creatures with tails PTS: 1 42. ANS: If you take penicillin too often and when not necessary the bacteria will become “immunie” to it. PTS: 1 43. ANS: Punctuated equilibrium is when evolution happens quickly. Gradualism is when evolution happens gradually. PTS: 1 44. ANS: Organisms with adaptations are more likely to survive. If one individual in a group has the more beneficial mutation it is more likely to survive, reproduce, and have offspring with that same adaptation. They may eventually turn into a new species. The other individuals may go extinct. PTS: 1 45. ANS: If they can’t mate and have fertile offspring then they are a different species. PTS: 1