Download Organic Compounds!

Organic Compounds!
“Built” around Carbon
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Carbon has 4 valence electrons
Forms:
Single
Double
Triple bonds
Hydrocarbons
• Often times… HUGE molecules. Consisting of
carbon and hydrogen. Like:
• Gasoline, might be 25-30 Carbons and lots of
Hydrogen ( some other elements too, but
mostly C,H)
Allotropes ( types/ forms)
• Diamond – Pyrimidal structure
• Graphite- Sheets
• Coal- Amorphus
BuckyBalls! C60
Carbon Nanotubes
I like Bicycles!!!!!
Triglycerides
• Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
• Let’s draw it like:
• (note to self… really cool drawing here!)
Saturated Fat
• The fatty acid is saturated with H
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
• Is missing some H, results in double bonds,
and a “kink” in the “tail”
PolyUnsaturated Fatty acid
• Contain many missing H and therefore many
double bonds. A very Kinky Tail
Significance of the Fats….
• Saturated
Unsaturated
• What are some examples:
• Significance?
PolyUnsaturated
Isomer
• An Isomer is a compound that has the same
chemical formula but different structural
formula
• C6H12O6
• Glucose, Fructose or Galactose
Naming Carbon Compounds
• Based on number of Carbons in the
continuous chain. Prefixes are used- denoting
the number of carbons. They are:
• 1= meth2= eth- 3= prop- 4= but- …
pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec-
Classes of Organic compounds
• 1. Alkanes. Have only single bonds lots of H!
(end with –ane) General formula is CnH2n+2
Examples:
Cycloalkanes: CnH2n
• 2. Alkenes Have 2 missing H and therefore
will have a double bond (end with –ene)
• General formula is CnH2n
• Examples:
• 3. Alkynes have 2 pairs of missing H ( 4H
total) (end with – yne)
• General formula is CnH2n-2
• Examples:
Substituents / Functional Groups
• There are 9 major functional groups that
change a “simple” molecule into a slightly
more complex one. Their names and
properties will change.
• We’ll look at 5 of them that we see somewhat
often.
Alkyls
• An alkyl is basically an alkane that has lost an
H and is attached to a larger molecule
• Examples:
• Other examples: methyl propane, 2-methyl
hexane, 3-ethyloctane
Halocarbons
• Halocarbons are basically alkanes that have a
halogen.
• CFC’s Chloro Fluoro Carbons
• Dichloro Difluro Methane
• Destroy Ozone…
• Used as refrigerants Freon, etc.
Amines
• Have an amino group- NH2
• Amino Acids:
• Methylamine, aminomethane:
• 1,4-diaminobutane:
• 1,5-diaminopentane:
Carboxylic Acids
• Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group COOH
associated with them. (end with –oic acid)
• CH3COOH
• Ethanoic acid
• Aka acetic acid aka vinegar!
Alcohols
• Alcohols have an OH attached to them (end
with –ol) ( or a specific alcohol)
• Methanol , methyl alcohol
• Ethanol
• Propanol
– Isopropanol
• 3- Octanol