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Battle of Marathon (1st Battle) Battle of Thermopylae (2nd Battle) * Persians waited for the Greeks on the plain of Marathon to begin battle * The Greeks planned to block the water way the Persians were using to transport food and supplies to their army * Persians got tired of waiting for the Greeks so they decided to sail their ships to Athens to fight * When the Greeks saw the Persians load their strongest soldiers onto the ships, they decided this was a good time for a surprise attack * Persian army was not ready for this fight and had only their weak soldiers available for battle * Greeks were successful at holding back the Persians for two days until a traitor from the Greek side told the Persians their plan * As a result the Persians attacked the Greeks behind and the Persians won the second battle * As a result, the Greeks won the first battle Battle of Salamis Battle of Plateau * In this battle, the Greeks tricked the Persians * This battle was Greece’s revenge on the Persian Empire for burning down Greek city states * Greek ships were smaller and easier to navigate than Persian ships so the Greeks took their ships down the strait of Salamis (a narrow body of water) knowing the Persians would follow them and get stuck * All of the Greek city states combined to form the LARGEST army ever assembled * Persians were not expecting such a large army and were not prepared * Persian ships could not make it down the strait and got stuck, so the Greek plan worked! * As a result, the Greeks won this battle and the entire Persian War * As a result, the Greeks won the third battle * After this battle, the Persians were mad and then burned down the city of Athens * This win was a huge turning point for the Greeks as they were able to push the Persians back to Asia and successfully avoided an invasion from their enemy Benefits Aftermath The Greek City States were able to maintain their independence. Athens was hurt and had a huge reconstruction task to complete The Persian Empire was unable to take over Europe The Greek City States reestablished alliances in the event that the Persians seek revenge The Persian Army, once really strong, was greatly weakened The Delian League grew in strength Athens was accused of taking money from the Delian League to help in rebuild Power Some City-States felt that Athens grew too powerful Some argued that Athens used the Delian League to establish and empire As a result, Sparta joined forces with other City-states and formed the Peloponnesian League. (This is an overlapping statement). War Continues The Athenians were supplied by their superior Navy. They had a fortified walkway connected to their ports All of the people packed in behind the walls of Athens led to the spread of a plague Even with the great loss of life the war lasted for 25 years Sparta and other became weary of Athens and formed the Peloponnesian League War around Athens Athens believed that their Democracy was superior to the forms of government in other City-States Athens had a superior navy and Sparta had the superior Army Sparta Attacked Athens and surrounded the city-state. The War Ends The land outside of Athens was not being farmed by the Athenians. The Spartans were desperate to win the war so they turned to their former enemies, the Persians, and made an alliance. The Persians helped defeat the Athenian Navy The Spartans tore down the wall of Athens and ruled over most of Greece for 30 years.