Download Unit 2 - European Exploration and Settlement Section 3

Unit 2 – European Exploration and Settlement
Section 3 – The Spanish Borderlands
I Riches
A) Mexico and Peru
1) more riches than EVER imagined
2) thought this would be everywhere in these “new lands”
3) pushed into North America
4) U.S. Spanish empire borders = called Spanish Borderlands
B) Florida
1) Juan Ponce de Leon = One of the first Spanish expeditions into North America was led by him
2) sailed with Columbus to the Caribbean
3) made his fortune by discovering gold on the island of Puerto Rico
4) wealthy, but couldn’t stop thinking about Indian rumors of a “fountain of youth”
5) said to make old people young again
6) set off to find the truth about these tales of everlasting youth
7) wanted more adventure
8) landed on a sunny peninsula of North America in April 1513 on Easter Sunday
9) called it La Florida = “flowery” Easter
10) 8 yrs later = returned with 200 men to establish a Spanish settlement, or colony
11) American Indians in the area used poisoned arrows to drive off the invaders
12) NO “Fountain of Youth”
13) died from a poisoned arrow in his stomach
C) The “Seven Cities of Cíbola”
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
another legend = sparked new Spanish expeditions into North America
tale told of the “Seven Cities of Cíbola” (SEE-buh-luh)
said to be so fabulously rich that the streets and houses were decorated with gold and jewels
Indians told similar tales
Spanish heard = convinced the cities were somewhere in North America
first looked in FL and present day TX
plenty of adventure = NO gold cities
Marcos de Niza = Spanish priest = claimed to have seen a shimmering golden city in what is
now New Mexico
9) raced back to Mexico City with the news
D) The Coronado Expedition
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
1540 = conquistador = Francisco Vásquez de Coronado (VAHS-kehz day kohr-uh-NAH-doh)
set out from Mexico City
large expedition
de Niza as his guide
GOAL/MISSION: find the legendary golden cities
traveled more than 7,000 miles
found an American Indian pueblo
aa) a village of apartment-like buildings made of stone and adobe
bb) four - five stories high
cc) de Niza = thought it was made of gold
dd) Coronado: thought it was a crowded little village . . . crumpled all up together
ee) got mad and sent the priest back to Mexico City
8) expedition continued north onto the Great Plains
9) then gave up the search for golden cities
10) Coronado reported to Spain, “Everything is the reverse of what he said, except the name of the
cities and the large stone houses . . . The Seven Cities are seven little villages.”
II Settling the Borderlands
A) 1600s = Spanish Lands
1) new territories claimed for Spain
2) Florida west across present-day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California
3) not a lot of settlement at first
4) rival European nations = now interested
5) small bands of soldiers = sent to these regions to protect the claims
6) soldiers lived in walled forts = presidios (preh-SEE-dee-ohs)
aa) St. Augustine = oldest permanent settlement founded by Europeans in the U. S.
bb) presidio set up to save Spanish territory from French and English
7) Catholic missionaries (religious people – priests – persuade ppl to convert (change) to another
religion
8) accompanied the soldiers to the borderlands
9) built settlements (missions)
aa) taught local Indians new skills
bb) preached the Christian faith
cc) each mission grew its own food and produced products needed to survive
dd) FAR from towns and trading centers
ee) at first = Pueblo Indians in New Mexico welcomed them
ff) Spanish NOT nice
gg) Nat. Ams = made to work for settlers as slaves
hh) whipped religious leaders who wouldn’t change to Christainity
ii) Pueblo ppl revolted (rose up) and drove the Spanish out of NM for 12 yrs
B) 1600 – 1700s
1) settlement of the Spanish borderlands = slow
2) in time = Spanish language, religion, and culture spread across the American Southwest
C) Impact on American Indians
1) Spanish settlers = great impact on the natives of the borderlands
2) EX: Pueblo people = learned to use new tools, grow new foods, and raise sheep for wool
3) Nat. Ams = introduced Spanish to new techniques (ways) of growing crops in the desert soil
4) MANY Nat. Ams = converted to the Catholic faith
5) often lived and worked in and around the missions (grew crops)
6) helped maintain the churches and other buildings
7) however = many practiced BOTH religions
8) BAD = diseases spread = no resistance.
aa) smallpox, measles, and influenza = wiped out entire villages
bb) before Coronado’s expedition = over 100 thriving Indian pueblos in New Mexico
cc) by 1700 = only 19 remained (left)
ISB QUESTIONS – T/P/S in class (homework if not finished)
1) Describe how Spain established territorial claims in North America. Include these terms in your
answer: Ponce de León, Francisco Coronado, pueblos.
2) Describe what life was like in a typical Spanish settlement in North America. Include these terms in
your answer: presidio and mission.
3) Describe the relationship that existed between the Spanish and the American Indians living in North
America.
Section 4 – New France
I Riches
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
Sp. Colonies sent ships loaded with gold and silver home to Spain
other Europeans were jealous
Spain became wealthier and more powerful
other nations wanted their share of riches from the Americas
none strong enough to challenge Spain’s American empire
would have to seek their fortunes in areas not yet claimed by Spain
II Claiming New France
A) 1534 = France sent Jacques Cartier (zhahk cahr-TYAY) to explore the Atlantic coastline of North
America
1) GOAL/MISSION: find a Northwest Passage = an all-water route through the North American
continent to the Pacific Ocean
2) this would provide a shortcut for ships sailing west to Asia
3) Cartier failed
4) did claim for France the land we know today as Canada
aa) named this land New France
bb) discovered something almost as valuable as Spanish gold = beaver fur
1) beaver hats = fashionable item in Europe
2) French hat makers = willing to pay high prices for beaver pelts
B) Settling New France
1) Samuel de Champlain (duh sham-PLANE) = first settlement in New France
aa) founded in 1608
bb) sailed up the St. Lawrence River
cc) built a trading post = Quebec (kwuh-BEK or ku-BEK)
1) next 150 years = base for French explorers, soldiers, missionaries, traders, and fur
trappers
dd) fur trappers pushed west in search of beaver
1) called themselves coureurs de bois (kuh-RUR duh BWAH)
2) “wood rangers” in French
3) Catholic missionaries followed the trappers to seek converts among the native
peoples
2) Like the Spanish borderlands = New France failed to attract large numbers of settlers
aa) harsh climate = discouraged French farmers from crossing the Atlantic
bb) also = best land = French nobles = along St. Lawrence River = rented it out to farmers
cc) few settlers who did come = got tired of renting = left farms to search for furs
III American Indian Business Partners
A) Business Partners
1) French = more interested in furs than farming
2) DID NOT try to conquer the Indians and put them to work as the Spanish had done
3) French made American Indians their business partners
B) Champlain
1) after founding Quebec = made friends with the nearby Indians = especially the Huron
aa) fur trappers lived in Huron villages
bb) learned the Huron language
cc) married Huron women
dd) French learned how to survive for months in the wilderness from the Huron
ee) BUT = this exposed the Huron to European diseases
1) swept through their villages
2) killed many of them
C) Iroquois
1) Champlain even joined the Huron in an attack on their enemy= Iroquois
2) shot guns at them = they had never seen guns
3) they fled
4) now HATED the French
D) Claiming Louisiana
1) fur trapping = led French inland fr Quebec
2) 1673 = two explorers, Father Marquette (mahr-KET) and Louis Joliet (zhal-YAY) = explored the
great Mississippi River
aa) hoped this waterway would be the long-sought Northwest Passage
bb) NO
cc) river actually flowed south toward the Gulf of Mexico instead of west to the Pacific Ocean
dd) disappointed explorers = returned to New France
3) 9 yrs later = Robert Cavelier de La Salle = explored the entire length of the Mississippi River
aa) April 9, 1682 = planted a French flag at the mouth of the river
bb) claimed everything west of the Mississippi River for France
cc) named this vast area Louisiana for the French monarch, King Louis XIV
ISB QUESTIONS – T/P/S in class (homework if not finished)
1) Describe how France established territorial claims in North America. Include these terms in
your answer: Jacques Cartier, Samuel de Champlain, Robert de La Salle.
2) Describe what life was like in a typical French settlement in North America. Include this term
in your answer: couriers de bois.
3) Describe the relationship that existed between the French and the American Indians living in
North America.