Download Name: Date: ______ 1. Since the 1960s, Americans have

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
1. Since the 1960s, Americans have experienced a(n) ________ in rates of depression and
a(n) ________ in work hours.
A) increase; decrease
B) decrease; increase
C) increase; increase
D) decrease; decrease
2. Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are much more similar in:
A) extraversion.
B) emotional instability.
C) risk of divorce.
D) all of the above.
3. Frans avoids talking with food in his mouth because other people think it is crude and
inappropriate. This best illustrates the impact of:
A) roles.
B) schemas.
C) stereotypes.
D) norms.
4. Compared with women, men are more likely to:
A) initiate sexual activity.
B) read pornographic materials.
C) comply with direct requests for casual sex.
D) do all of the above.
5. The enduring traditions, ideas, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of
people and transmitted from one generation to the next define their:
A) temperament.
B) roles.
C) racial identity.
D) culture.
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6. A human sperm cell contains:
A) 23 chromosomes.
B) 23 genes.
C) 46 chromosomes.
D) 46 genes.
7. Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by:
A) testosterone.
B) gender schemas.
C) heredity.
D) memes.
8. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute gender differences in
attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ________ than do women.
A) larger bodies
B) stronger gender identity
C) a weaker sense of empathy
D) greater reproductive potential
9. Identical twins originate from the fertilization of ________ egg cell(s) by ________
sperm cell(s).
A) a single; a single
B) two; a single
C) a single; two
D) two; two
10. Studies indicate that ________ prefer more personal space than do ________.
A) North Americans; Latin Americans
B) the French; the British
C) Arabs; Scandinavians
D) women; men
11. Human genetic diversity consists of the variations in the sequence of our:
A) nucleotides.
B) synapses.
C) memes.
D) gender schemas.
E) hormones.
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12. Heritability refers to the extent to which:
A) unrelated individuals share common genes.
B) genetic mutations can be transmitted to one's offspring.
C) trait differences among individuals are attributable to genetic variations.
D) adult personality is determined by infant temperament.
13. Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by
________ than by ________.
A) genes; home environment
B) home environment; genes
C) genes; peer influence
D) home environments; peer influence
14. Gender differences in heritable personality traits are not necessarily attributable to
genetic differences between males and females because:
A) physical maturation proceeds at a different rate for males and females.
B) variations in temperament contribute to gender differences.
C) heritable traits can be influenced by social environments.
D) males and females are also affected by their different sex hormones.
15. Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven
to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the reproduction
process is more time-consuming for women than for men. This suggestion best
illustrates the logic of a(n) ________ theory of sexual behavior.
A) evolutionary
B) social learning
C) Freudian
D) gender schema
16. Ten-year-old Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking clothes because she
wants to appear ladylike. This best illustrates the impact of:
A) natural selection.
B) personal space.
C) sexual orientation.
D) gender-typing.
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17. When teased by his older sister, 9-year-old Waldo does not cry because he has learned
that boys are not expected to. Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of:
A) temperament.
B) gender roles.
C) testosterone.
D) stereotypes.
E) gender identity.
18. An infant's temperament refers most directly to its:
A) ability to learn.
B) physical attractiveness.
C) emotional excitability.
D) physical health.
E) sense of humor.
19. A behavior geneticist would be most interested in studying hereditary influences on:
A) skin color.
B) sexual anatomy.
C) physical attractiveness.
D) personality traits.
20. In order to prevent teens from smoking, intervention programs for youth should first pay
attention to the impact of ________ on teen smoking habits.
A) peer influence
B) family environments
C) genetic predispositions
D) gender schemas
21. Babies with an intense and highly reactive temperament tend to be:
A) intelligent and imaginative.
B) irritable and unpredictable.
C) fearless and assertive.
D) extraverted and cheerful.
22. Genes are to the perpetuation of individuals as memes are to the perpetuation of:
A) stereotypes.
B) cultures.
C) races.
D) schemas.
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23. A human egg contains ________ chromosome and a human sperm contains ________
chromosome.
A) a Y; either an X or a Y
B) either an X or a Y; an X
C) an X; either an X or a Y
D) either an X or a Y; a Y
24. Dante is healthier than his twin brother because he developed with a better placental
barrier against viruses. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on development.
A) temperament
B) gender schemas
C) early environment
D) genetic predispositions
25. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adoptiveness to a
variety of different environments has contributed to human:
A) heritability.
B) genetic mutations.
C) gender schemas.
D) reproductive success.
26. Two individuals are most likely to share similar personality traits if they are ________
twins who were reared ________.
A) fraternal; together
B) identical; apart
C) fraternal; apart
D) identical; together
27. According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success
are likely to be:
A) socially prohibited.
B) genetically predisposed.
C) ecologically disruptive.
D) disease-producing.
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28. Those who suggest that our choices today shape tomorrow's possibilities are
emphasizing the importance of:
A) behavior genetics.
B) human responsibility.
C) personal space.
D) memes.
29. It has been suggested that our sensitivity to peer influence is genetically predisposed
because it has facilitated the process of human mating. This suggestion best illustrates:
A) gender schema theory.
B) Freudian psychology.
C) molecular genetics.
D) an evolutionary perspective.
30. An awareness that children's temperaments influence parents' child-rearing practices
should inhibit our tendency to:
A) emphasize the interaction of nature and nurture.
B) assess the heritability of human intelligence.
C) blame parents for our own dysfunctional characteristics.
D) identify cultural differences in child-rearing practices.
31. Personal space refers to:
A) our inner private thoughts and personally subjective feelings about ourselves.
B) the distance we like to maintain between ourselves and other people.
C) the priority we give to our own personal needs over group needs.
D) areas of a home, such as a bedroom, where privacy is important.
32. On extended visits to foreign countries, you would be most likely to observe:
A) more men than women in leadership positions.
B) women earning approximately the same amount of money as men.
C) men and women equally involved in child care.
D) men and women equally involved in violent crime.
33. Compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are ________ similar in neuroticism and
________ similar in attitudes toward organized religion.
A) more; less
B) less; more
C) more; more
D) less; less
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34. Mr. Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Mr.
Eskenazi's contribution to the gender-typing of his children would most likely be
highlighted by:
A) twin studies.
B) social learning theorists.
C) adoption studies.
D) evolutionary psychologists.
35. Those who study cultural influences on behavior are most likely to highlight the
importance of:
A) natural selection.
B) temperament.
C) schemas.
D) norms.
36. In attracting potential mates, women are more likely than men to advertise their own
________, and men are more likely than women to advertise their own ________.
A) athletic skills; parenting skills
B) good looks; wealth
C) sexual experience; sexual inexperience
D) intelligence; nurturance
37. The study of the relative power of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
and personality traits is known as:
A) molecular genetics.
B) evolutionary psychology.
C) behavior genetics.
D) gender-typing.
E) human cloning.
38. The heritability of a specific trait will be greatest among genetically ________
individuals who have been raised in ________ environments.
A) similar; similar
B) similar; dissimilar
C) dissimilar; similar
D) dissimilar; dissimilar
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39. The unique temperaments of children evoke predictable responses from their caregivers.
This best illustrates the ________ of nature and nurture.
A) plasticity
B) evolution
C) interaction
D) heritability
E) bipolarity
40. Genes are to nucleotides as ________ are to ________.
A) letters; books
B) words; books
C) letters; words
D) words; letters
41. Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmilla Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of:
A) cloning.
B) gender typing.
C) selective mating.
D) gene splicing.
E) hormone injections.
42. Assessing possible linkages between specific nucleotide sequences and bipolar disorder
would be of greatest interest to a(n):
A) evolutionary psychologist.
B) molecular geneticist.
C) gender schema theorist.
D) social learning theorist.
43. Compared to environmentally impoverished rats, rats housed in enriched environments
experienced a dramatic increase in the number of their:
A) brain cells.
B) schemas.
C) synapses.
D) nucleotides.
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44. Identical twins are most likely to share a similar prenatal environment if they share the
same:
A) placenta.
B) reproductive capacity.
C) memes.
D) gender schemas.
45. A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns
demonstrates the impact of:
A) gene complexes.
B) heritability.
C) the X chromosome.
D) gender-typing.
46. Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it:
A) inhibits progressive efforts to change common social practices.
B) overestimates the impact of genetic mutations on human personality.
C) underestimates the impact of genetic predispositions on human sexual behavior.
D) underestimates the extent to which similar gender differences are found in all
cultures.
47. The personalities of adopted children:
A) are very similar to the personalities of the other children in their adoptive families.
B) are very similar to the personalities of their biologically related siblings.
C) are not very similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents.
D) are more similar to the personalities of their caregiving adoptive parents than to the
personalities of their biological parents.
48. The human genome is the complete:
A) set of human sexual characteristics regulated by the X and Y chromosomes.
B) range of traits that contribute to reproductive success.
C) sequence of nucleotides organized as coiled chains of DNA.
D) cascade of interactions between genetic predispositions and surrounding
environments.
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49. Men judge women as especially attractive if they appear ________ and women judge
men as especially attractive if they appear ________.
A) mature; mature
B) youthful; youthful
C) mature; youthful
D) youthful; mature
50. A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a:
A) gene.
B) gender schema.
C) chromosome.
D) hormone.
E) neurotransmitter.
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