Download Causes of the Civil War

Causes of the
Civil War-
• Sectional disagreements and debates over:
• 1) tariffs (How?)
• 2) extension of slavery in the territories how?
• 3) the nature of the Union ( Federalists v. states’ rights compact
theory) how?
• Northern abolitionists versus Southern
defenders of slavery
• United States Supreme Court decision in the
Dred Scott case
• Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet
Beecher Stowe.
• Ineffective presidential leadership in the
1850s. Harrison, Tyler, Polk, Z.Taylor, M.Fillmore, F.Pierce, &
J.Buchanan
• A series of failed compromises over the
expansion of slavery in the territories (Mo. Comp,
Compromise of 1850, K&N Act) describe each?
• 1. Explain the questions and answers the Supreme Court rendered in the Dred Scott
case:
• 2. How were state’s rights an issue ever since the Alien & Sedition Act, the Tariff of
abominations and now finally the Civil War:
• 3. Explain how Lincoln was able to secure the Electoral Vote necessary to become
president with 40% of the popular vote:
• 4. What is SC justification for secession using the Compact Theory?
• 5. Why is it no surprise that it is SC 1st to secede? 4th needs to stop here
• 6. Give 2 reasons the death toll in the Civil War was more than all other U.S. wars
combined:
• 7. Contrast the South’s view of Lincoln against Lincoln’s views of what he could legally
do about slavery:
• 8. What were Lincoln’s two goals at the beginning of the Civil War:
• 9. Why did the North have such an advantage in respect to population over the
South?
• 10. What advantage did the north have in respect to the Railroad, telegraph &
industry?
• The election of Lincoln in 1860
(4
candidates)(split in TJ & Jackson’s Dem Party 3 ways: N.
Dem –Stephen Douglas, S. Dem-KY Breckinridge & Bellavoid slavery & keep country together) & the new
Republican Party (formed in 1850s) nominated Lincoln
(Anti-slavery in new territories)
• Lincoln won majority of electors but only 40% vote –
means 60% pop voted for someone else)
• voter turnout 82% one of highest in
history why so high?
• (see chart) Predictions of this election?
• Within days, SC meets & votes
unanimously to secede: why SC?
*** what happens here
***what happened here?
• North breached contract because constitution
protects slavery & wouldn’t enforce Fugitive
slave law so South released from obligation
(Compact Theory) (4th period stopped here)
• President Lincoln’s call for 75,000
federal troops in 1861 (when SC
secedes)
The Civil War 1861-1865
• The Civil War was the deadliest war
in US history. More Americans died
in the Civil War than all other U.S.
wars combined. (why?) 2 reasons?
• Dead on both sides, industrialization w/ old style of battle tactics
• Example: Gettysburg=3 day battle
with 50,000 deaths vs. Vietnam=10
year US involvement with 50,000
death
• In four years 620,000 died (more
died from infection and disease than
on the battlefield). 25:35-29:45 America
story of us-civil war
• 360,000 Union deaths & 260,000
Confederate death
Why did the Southern
states secede?
• Abraham Lincoln was elected in
1860.
• The South believed that Lincoln
would attempt to abolish slavery.
• Immediately following the
election of Lincoln, South
Carolina is the first Southern state
to secede (leave) the Union,
followed by several other
Southern states
• Out of 34 total states, 11
Southern states seceded and 23
states remain loyal to the Union.
• At the beginning,
Lincoln knew
legally he could
not abolish slavery
because it was
protected by the
Constitution.
(Lincoln goals:)
• 1. Preserve the
Union
• 2. Contain slavery
where it currently
exists and let it die
out from within
24,000 govt control
2 mo. cut to 7 days
9,000 Under private control
3rd stopped here
14:40 civil war-America story of us
Why does this
matter?
Why?
North has:
17x more textiles
30x more shoes/boots
13x more iron
32x more firearms
Telegraph 19:30 &
What were the strategies for victory?
cameras 30:00
• Southern Strategy- fight a
defensive war repulsing Union
invasions and hoping that the
North would tire of war and
give up on the idea of
reunification sound familiar?
• (War of Attrition): what's wrong with this
tactic? 2 things: 1. North had such
superiority would take very long time 2.
South resources depleted long before North’s
• Ask GB & France (whom are dependent on
our cotton) for Naval assistance to break
blockade (supplies for cotton) why not?
• Northern Strategy- “Anaconda
Plan"
• 1) Blockade Southern ports.
• 2) Control the Mississippi.
• 3) Capture the Rebel capital
• 4) Divide the Confederacy.
Who were the key leaders of
the Civil War?
• Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States during
the Civil War, who insisted that the Union be held
together, by force if necessary. (log cabin president, famous for
Lincoln debates, had to sneak into DC in Disguise to avoid assassins)
• Jefferson Davis: U.S. Senator from Mississippi who
became president of the Confederate States of America
(West Point Grad, former cabinet head, but suffered chronic illness, desired to
be like Napoleon)
• Frederick Douglass: Former slave he became a prominent
abolitionist and urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to
fight in the Union army. (major pressure to emancipate)(24:29
division)
• Ulysses S. Grant: Union military commander, who won
victories over the South after several other Union
commanders had failed. He was undefeated against Lee
(knew he had #s wasn’t afraid to engage enemy like McClellan)
• Robert E. Lee: Confederate general of the Army of
Northern Virginia •Most famous American General of all
time. After Appomattox he urged Southerners to accept
defeat and unite as Americans again.
• Brilliant military leader, Lincoln wanted to hire him! Lee
opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should
be held together by force. Only joined when VA invaded.
(worked at Wash & Lee in VA when he retired)
• Watch mini biography 3:34 on Robert E. Lee
4th stopped here
What were the
major military and
political events of
the Civil War?
• Election of Lincoln (1860), followed by the
secession of several Southern states who feared
that Lincoln would try to abolish slavery. (Lame duck
period problem Nov to March-Buchanan did nothing 7 of 11 pulled out
during this time) 20th Amend will change to Jan after Great Depression)
• Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861, Opening confrontation
of the Civil War, CSA fires the first shots on the
Federal fort in the harbor of Charlestown SC. (Video
youtube) (fort in Charleston Harbor)(Lincoln called 75,000 volunteers)
• 1862 The Battle of Antietam: A stalemate
Northern victory and turning point because it gave
Lincoln the political and military support he needed
to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. (single
bloodiest day of fighting)
• It convinced Britain & France to withhold
recognition of the C.S.A.
How did the Emancipation Proclamation
support the North’s war aims?
• Freed those slaves
located in the
“rebelling” states (so how
many slaves did it free?)
• Made the abolition of
slavery a Northern war
aim (before preserve the
union)
• Discouraged any
interference of foreign
governments (GB &
France)
• Allowed for the
enlistment of African
American soldiers in the
Union Army (180,000)
What was Lincoln’s vision of
the nation in the Gettysburg
Address?
• Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863, Turning point of
the Civil War, bloodiest battle (3 days), ending
with Picket’s charge. It’s the only Confederate
attempt to invade the North, 51,000 Union and
Confederate deaths.
• Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to
preserve a nation that was dedicated to “all
men are created equal” and that was a
government “of the people, by the people, and
for the people.”
• Lincoln believed America was “one nation,”
not a collection of sovereign states. (debunk
compact theory)
• Southerners believed that states had freely
joined the union and could freely leave.
• Lincoln believed the War was fought to fulfill
the promise of the Declaration of Independence
and was a “Second American Revolution.”
How did the Civil War affect
African Americans?
• 1) The Emancipation
Proclamation allowed for the
enlistment of African
American soldiers.
• 2) 180,000 African Americans
served in the Union Army in
segregated units (9% of the
armed forces).
• 3) Used mostly for labor,
rarely used in combat.
• 4) Few may have fought for
the CSA but there is little to
no evidence to support this
claim.
The End of the Civil War
• Fall of Vicksburg, July 4th,
1863. The siege of Vicksburg
began in May. The city was
surrounded and constantly
bombarded. The city was
deprived of food and supplies.
The capture of Vicksburg gave
the Union control of the
Mississippi River
• $6.7 Billion total cost of war
• Appomattox: April 9, 1865, Site
of Lee’s surrender to Grant
effectively ending the war
• 38:20 scorched earth & Lee
surrender at 42:00