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Subject syllabus for Upper Secondary Education The media and communication area of study Specialized subjects – advanced course I Media and communication – P002 Oslo, 6 July 2001 The Norwegian Board of Education Preface The curriculum for upper secondary education covers all education that comes under the Act relating to Primary School and Upper Secondary Education. The curriculum consists of two sections: The curriculum consists of two sections: 1. The core curriculum for primary school, upper secondary education and adult education. The core curriculum lays down the overarching aims and guidelines for all the activities in primary school and upper secondary education. 2. The subject syllabuses for upper secondary education. This syllabus comprises the specialized subjects for media and communication advanced course I. This syllabus has been drawn up by the Norwegian Board of Education and approved by the Ministry of Education, Research and Church Affairs pursuant to Section 3-4 of the Act of 17 July 1998 no. 61 relating to Primary School and Upper Secondary Education (the Education Act). The syllabus enters into force on 1 August 2001. Oslo 06 July 2001 The Norwegian Board of Education Table of contents Chapter 1: General information .................................................................................................4 1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................4 1.2 Admission requirements ........................................................................................................5 1.3 Length ....................................................................................................................................5 1.5 Qualifications ...................................................................................................................5 Chapter 2: Objectives and learning targets ......................................................................................7 2.1 Common objectives for the specialized subjects .............................................................7 2.2 Media communication, the individual and society ................................................................7 2.3 Media design ..........................................................................................................................9 2.4 Media production .................................................................................................................10 2.5 The history of expression.....................................................................................................11 2.6 Project work ...................................................................................................................12 Chapter 3: Assessment ...........................................................................................................13 3.1 Why assessment? ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2 What is to be assessed? ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3 How shall assessment be carried out? ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4 Special conditions ................................................................................................................14 Appendix 1.....................................................................................................................................15 1.1 The subject and period allotment plan in the sales and service foundation course .............15 1.2 Modules ...............................................................................................................................15 Appendix 2.....................................................................................................................................17 Chapter 1: General information 1.1 Introduction Media graphics artist, photographer, web designer, illustrator, graphics designer, journalist, animator, multimedia designer and advertizing producer are some professions this course of studies can lead to. Video, television and radio production will also open for various job opportunities. In all probability new media work areas will be developed due to the ongoing digital convergence. Pupils graduating from the media and communications area of study will be able to take part in creating and shaping tomorrow's occupations, channels and products. In today's society, media play an important role as a tool for spreading information and knowledge. The media also provide us with entertainment and adventure, and increasingly they influence our values, attitudes and actions, and the way we think. Media is a major industry employing a vast number of people in such business areas as newspapers and publishing houses, radio and television, photography, graphic design, the Internet and multimedia, advertising, communication and design activities. The media have changed and developed their form and function from the invention of the art of printing and photographic techniques, through the growth of radio and television and up to netbased communication. Printing technology enabled the distribution of knowledge that previously had been restricted to a select few in society. Today we are influenced by a growing number of powerful media and communication channels, where digital technology increases the amount of available information, transcends boundaries and creates new products across traditional boundaries. New demands are placed on the knowledge, skills and attitudes of those working in this field, while some basic principles nevertheless remain unchanged. Therefore this area of study has both vocational and general-studies objectives. Advanced course I media and communication builds on the media and communication foundation course but provides deeper insights and more advanced skills in the subjects. This course of studies prepares pupils for working in the media and communication field using various forms of expression such as text, images and audio. Advanced course I consists of general studies subjects, four specialized subjects and allows for individual in-depth studies through a media project. Subject content is composed in such a way that pupils will have a broad basis for further education or choice of occupation. Media communication, the individual and society This subject mainly deals with the societal role of media, assessment and analysis of media products, various forms of communication and media ethics. The subject content of advanced course I builds on the foundation course but goes deeper into knowledge and skills. Media design This subject mainly deals with ideas, form, expression and function concerning communication through text, audio and images. Other areas covered include design of multimedia products, interactive media and animation. The subject content of advanced course I builds on the foundation course but goes deeper into knowledge and skills. Media production This subject mainly deals with the use of digital tools, planning and producing simple text, image and audio products for printed and electronic media. The subject also includes knowledge on the production of multimedia products, interactive media and animation. The subject content of advanced course I builds on the foundation course but goes deeper into knowledge and skills. History of expression This subject focuses on the last two centuries and deals with characteristics of various epochs as expressed in various media. Project work This allows individual in-depth studies in one or more of the specialized subjects. Pupils may select their own area of knowledge and carry out their work within this right from the concept to the completed product. 1.2 Admission requirements Admission to the media and communication advanced course I normally requires applicants to have completed the media and communication foundation course or similar. Also see the Regulation relating to Admission to Upper Secondary Education. 1.3 Duration The media and communication advanced course I normally lasts one year. 1.4 Content The media and communication advanced course I consists of specialized subjects, general studies subjects and electives. See Appendix 1 for more details on subject and period allotment. Modules The subject syllabus is divided into modules to allow various groups to combine smaller sections of the course of studies into a defined competence (see Appendix 1). 1.5 Qualifications The foundation for further education As a general rule, completing and passing advanced course I is the basis for signing an apprenticeship contract or for gaining admission to advanced course II in this area of study. For more information see the programme outline for upper secondary education. Advanced course I in vocational areas of study is also the basis for admission to the advanced course II (VKII) in general studies subjects, supplementary studies. Also see the Regulation relating to Admission to Upper Secondary Education. Craft certificate/journeyman's certificate To attain a craft certificate or a journeyman's certificate an examination must be taken in the trade pursuant to the provisions in the Regulation to the Education Act. Other vocational competence A diploma will be granted after three years of schooling in upper secondary school for vocational competence not connected to a craft certificate/journeyman's certificate. Documented partial competence A partial competence certificate is given as proof of completion of modules, subjects or parts of a subject. Satisfying the general requirement for admission to universities and colleges The general requirement for admission to universities and colleges is to complete and pass three years of upper secondary education, i.e. the foundation course, advanced course I and advanced course II or a craft certificate/journeyman's certificate. Skills corresponding to a certain level are also required in the following general studies subjects: Subject Norwegian English Social studies History after 1850 Mathematics Natural science Total Total teaching periods 523 187 75 150 187 187 1309 The basis for the number of teaching periods is the total number of periods per year. It is a condition that teaching shall be arranged over 190 days of the year, divided over a period of 38 weeks. The general studies subjects from the foundation course and advanced course in all areas of study I give partial competence in relation to satisfying the general requirement for admission to universities and colleges. A pupil who has completed his or her vocational training and has been awarded a craft certificate/journeyman's certificate or other vocational qualifications, may satisfy the general requirement for admission to universities and colleges by taking the remaining general studies subjects. After taking the foundation course and advanced course I in one of the vocational areas of study, a pupil may also satisfy the general requirement for admission to universities and colleges by selecting an advanced course II in supplementary general studies subjects. The pupil must then take the remaining general studies subjects and in addition choose specialized subjects from the general and business and administration area of studies, for a total of at least 1122 periods. In the media and communication area of study the general requirement for admission to universities and colleges may be attained by taking advanced course II media and communication. This course admits pupils from the advanced court I media and communication area of study. Chapter 2: Objectives and learning targets 2.1 Common objectives for the specialized subjects The pupils shall be able to plan, produce and assess various media products be able to develop their critical abilities through analysis and reflection be able to document their own professional development and be able to take responsibility for their own learning be able to impart a message have knowledge on the use of various techniques and principles of composition be familiar with new technology, techniques and production processes for the production of media products be able to plan and implement a process from idea to product alone or together with others be able to explain how the various media may influence people's perceptions of themselves and reality be able to explain how media may influence people's perceptions of and attitudes to other people, groups and nations be familiar with the most important laws and regulations that regulate media activities be familiar with and reflect upon the ethical standards in the media industry be familiar with the various applications of media be familiar with vocational functions in various media be able to use basic vocational terminology develop their creative powers by making and assessing their own products be able to apply their experience and knowledge across disciplines be able to work in an ergonomically correct way be able to maintain and look after tools and equipment understand the value of creativity and aesthetic activities as general factors that shape us as human beings be able to consider factors that influence the internal and external environment 2.2 Media communication, the individual and society Objective 1 The pupils shall have knowledge of and be able to assess the role of media in society Learning targets The pupils shall 1a be able to explain the ways in which the media have power in society 1b be familiar with the differences between public-service and commercial radio and television 1c be able to explain how news is selected, and by whom, and what creates information imbalances in Norway and in the north-south relationship 1d have insight into the development of information services and media consulting and the subsequent power shifts 1e be familiar with the principal features of the role of media as financial actors in society 1f be familiar with special financial schemes for various media 1g 1h be able to assess ownership concentration trends in the media, nationally and internationally be familiar with various theories on how the media influence individuals and groups of people, and be able to discuss possibilities and limitations of the most central research traditions Objective 2 The pupils shall be able to assess their own media products and those of others Learning targets The pupils shall 2a be able to use source criticism 2b be able to assess the use of sources depending on who is heard in the media 2c have insight into the power and purposes of advertizers 2d be able to assess media messages when technology enables the manipulation of text, audio and images Objective 3 The pupils shall be able to work with various forms of communication Learning targets The pupils shall 3a be able to use reference and investigative journalism in their own work 3b be able to work within various journalism genres in various media 3c be able to work in various genres of marketing communication in various media 3d be able to compose texts that are adapted to target groups and products 3e be able to use dramatic (theatrical) models in their own work 3f be able to use various presentation forms in printed and electronic media 3g be able to use images as a means of communication 3h have insight into various factors that are effective in advertizing Objective 4 The pupils shall be able to explain ethical issues concerning media activities Learning targets The pupils shall 4a have insight into laws and regulations in force that regulate the media's activities 4b be able to explain the ethical rules of the press 4c be familiar with copyright laws Objective 5 The pupils shall be able to analyze media products from various focal points based on familiarity with the principal features of the history of various media Learning targets The pupils shall 5a be able to carry out a form analysis of their own and others' media products 5b be able to carry out a content analysis of their own and others' media products 5c be familiar with the principal features of the history of various media 5d be familiar with the principal features of the history of marketing communication 2.3 Media design Objective 1 The pupils shall be able to work in a structured manner with idea development and composition of typography, stills, live images, audio and colour Learning targets The pupils shall 1a be able to compile information for the design of media products 1b be able to process, assess, and select ideas during the process 1c be able to assess and adjust their product 1d be able to present idea development, work processes and a finished media product 1e be able to apply various principles of composition 1f be able to use various colour contrasts 1g be able to use various form contrasts 1h be able to use colour symbolism 1i be able to use stylization and abstraction 1j be able to use photographs as the basis for outline and idea development 1k be familiar with traditional illustration techniques Objective 2 The pupils shall be able to use typography in electronic and printed media Learning targets The pupils shall 2a be able to select and use typography that is suitable for message, expression and layout 2b be able to use typographical principles to attain good readability 2c be able to use typography to structure a message 2d be able to use typographical principles for mixing fonts 2e be able to use typography as an independent composition Objective 3 The pupils shall be able to design images using various techniques for use in electronic and printed media Learning targets The pupils shall 3a be able to use photographic techniques such as lighting, focal distance, perspective and recorded material to enhance pictorial expressions 3b have knowledge about various production techniques for making stills and live images 3c be able to use dramatic techniques in pictorial narratives 3d be able to use various principles for composing and editing stills and live images 3e be able to animate objects in various ways 3f be able to adapt the design of stills and live images to a display medium Objective 4 The pupils shall be able to work with audio as its own form of expression and as an element of a whole Learning targets The pupils shall 4a be able to use sound as a technique to create effects and ambience 4b 4c 4d 4e 4f be familiar with the basic differences between analogue and digital sound be able to balance the various elements of an audio range to attain good audibility be able to work with the most common radio genres and formats be able to select audio elements based on the desired expression be able to adapt the use of voice and music to various formats Objective 5 The pupils shall be able to design multimedia products Learning targets The pupils shall 5a be able to exploit the interaction between content, form, structure and function when designing multimedia productions 5b be able to use text, audio, colour, stills, live images, animation and interactive elements to create functional media messages 2.4 Media production Objective 1 The pupils shall be able to use relevant technology to produce various media products Learning targets The pupils shall 1a be able to use database technology for electronic and printed publication 1b be familiar with areas of application for vector and bitmap graphics 1c be able to use appropriate file formats, resolutions and compression 1d be able to use additive and subtractive colour mixing in electronic and printed media 1e be able to take the requirements of transferring original material to digital or printed publication into consideration Objective 2 The pupils shall be able to plan, process and finish text productions for use in various media Learning targets The pupils shall 2a be able to conduct efficient research using libraries, databases and other sources 2b be able to produce journalistic texts 2c be able to write information and advertizing texts 2d be able to use professional desktop publishing programmes 2e be able to facilitate rational production through the appropriate use of templates Objective 3 The pupils shall be able to plan, process and finish various stills products Learning targets The pupils shall 3a be able to use appropriate equipment to make images and select them on the basis of the nature of the task at hand 3b 3c 3d 3e be able to use photographic lighting equipment and check it in relation to the nature of the task at hand be able to make recordings both in a studio and on location be able to control the range of contrast in images be able to use digital image processing Objective 4 The pupils shall be able to plan and produce various products in live images and multimedia Learning targets The pupils shall 4a be able to create products in the genres of fact, fiction, faction and advertizing 4b be able to make recordings both in a studio and on location 4c be able to make interactive products 4d be able to use various animation techniques Objective 5 The pupils shall be able to plan and make audio productions for use in various media Learning targets The pupils shall 5a be able to use the most common recording and editing techniques for audio 5b be able to make recordings both in a studio and on location 5c be able to compose a radio programme 5d be able to make a music production with several sources 5e be able to make audio productions for multimedia Objective 6 The pupils shall be able to quality assure processes, products and environments Learning targets The pupils shall 6a be able to plan a work process and draw up a progress schedule 6b be able to adapt the scope of work to deadlines 6c be able to prepare a simple budget for a production 6d be able to use relevant technology for quality assurance 6e be able to arrange their place of work according to ergonomic principles and be able to work in an ergonomically correct way 6f be able to consider factors that impact the internal and external environment 2.5 The history of expression Objective 1 The pupils shall have knowledge of principal features of various historical epochs – emphasizing the last two centuries – as expressed in various media, and be able to apply such features in their own media productions Learning targets The pupils shall 1a have insight into how material, political, philosophical, religious and other matters at given times in history are connected to the expression of that period of time 1b be familiar with the broad concept of text and be able to show how there are factors in common between various disciplines producing expressions such as visual art, sculpture, architecture, music, literature, theatre, film, graphical design and other art and design 1c be able to explain how technological development influences expression 2.6 Project work Objective 1 The pupils shall carry out an in-depth study relating to one or more of their school subjects or occupations that their training may lead to. This work shall be undertaken in cooperation with local businesses where possible Learning targets The pupils shall 1a draw up a plan for their work 1b be able to show how one or more specialized subjects are applied in their work 1c be able to assess their work with regard to the process, product and their own efforts 1d be able to present and assess the outcome of their work Chapter 3: Assessment Chapter 3: Assessment 3.1 Why assessment? The aim of assessment is to ensure that national education standards are complied with so that good and equivalent courses of studies are available to everyone in the country. Assessment means that the course of studies is assessed according to the objectives set out in the subject syllabus. Assessment serves various purposes, e.g.: to inform the pupil, parent or guardian, teacher and school/training institution of progress made in the work towards a learning objective and of how far the pupil has reached a specific level knowledge and competence to guide, motivate and develop the pupil to motivate the teacher to continuously assess his or her teaching practice to inform society, the labour market and institutions of higher education of the level of knowledge and competence achieved by the pupil 3.2 What is to be assessed? The objectives for the course of studies as laid down in the core curriculum, in the common objectives for the specialized subjects and for objectives in this syllabus form the basis for assessment. The pupil’s overall competence is to be assessed, as described in the objectives for the course of studies. The assessment of the pupils shall show the extent to which they have achieved the objectives set out in the subject syllabus. 3.3 How shall assessment be carried out? A distinction is made between two main types of assessment: continuous assessment final assessment The purpose of continuous assessment is to inform and motivate pupils and teachers in their efforts to achieve the objectives of the course of studies. Such assessment may be individual assessment with grades, or individual assessment with no grades. A useful aid for continuous assessment could be a workbook, log book, journal or similar record related to the course of studies. Formal continuous assessment is reflected in the grades awarded each term. Final assessment is expressed through the overall achievement grades and any final examination grades. 3.4 Special conditions During the course of the school year, all pupils are required to carry out one or more projects. At least one of the projects shall include both general studies subjects and specialized subjects. Topics and thesis questions for the project work shall be selected within the framework of the syllabus. Appendix 1 1.1 The subject and period allotment plan for advanced course I – media and communication General studies subjects Periods per year 75 75 75 75 Norwegian English Social studies Physical education Specialized subjects Media communication – the individual and society Media design Media production History of expression Project work Electives Total 187 259 226 75 187 75 1309 1.2 Modules for advanced course I – media and communication Subject Media communication – the individual and society Media design* Media production** History of expression Project work * ** Modules Periods per year Module 1: Objectives 1 and 4 75 Module 2: Objectives 2, 3 and 5 112 Module 3: Objectives 2 and 3 170 Module 4: Objectives 4 and 5 89 Module 5: Objectives 2 and 3 113 Module 6: Objectives 4 and 5 113 75 113 Module 7: Objective 1 75 187 Objective 1 in media design is integrated in modules 3 and 4 Objectives 1 and 6 in media production are integrated in modules 5 and 6 Remarks on Appendix 1 The basis for the number of teaching periods is the total number of periods per year. It is a condition that the teaching shall be arranged over 190 days of the year, divided over a period of 38 weeks.* 1 Specially arranged courses for adults may be completed more rapidly (intensive courses). The course of studies may also be extended over longer periods of time when this is necessary for groups of pupils or for individual pupils. 2 Sami pupils have the individual right to instruction in the Sami language, cf. Section 6-3 of the Education Act. Appendix 2 Assessment in advanced course 1 media and communication Overall achievement grades Overall achievement grades are awarded in all subjects. The result from project work shall be included in the overall achievement grades. The pupils' work processes and work products throughout the year shall be documented in a dossier. The documentation from this dossier shall constitute part of the basis for term and overall achievement grades. Examinations in specialized subjects All pupils must sit for an interdisciplinary examination. Examination papers shall be set locally pursuant to central guidelines. Examinations in general studies subjects Pupils may be drawn for examinations in the final general studies subjects. Form of examination: Specialized subjects: Examinations shall be individual and oral, comprising a preparation section and one individual oral section. During the preparation section the pupil shall take one or more works from his or her own dossier to compile a final dossier and shall prepare a summary memo for his or her use during the examination. The pupil's presentation of the works from the final dossier shall be used as the basis for the oral examination. General studies subjects: See the syllabus for each subject. External candidate examination It shall be possible to sit for an external candidate examination in all subjects pursuant to the guidelines for this as laid down by the Ministry.