Download ATOMIC STRUCTURE and MINERALS

NAME:
GEOL 1101 LAB #1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE and MINERALS
1. Sketch a model of an atom, including all atomic particles in the correct location
2. Describe the characteristics of all 3 atomic particles.
3. Define the following terms:
ATOMIC NUMBER:
ATOMIC MASS (ATOMIC WEIGHT):
ION:
ISOTOPE:
4. A neutral atom has an atomic number of 25 and an atomic mass of 54. How many protons, neutrons, and
electrons does this atom have? Look at the periodic chart (you can find one in your text, or in class) and name
the element described above.
number of protons =
number of neutrons =
number of electrons =
name of element =
5. What are the two most common elements by weight in the crust and what is the percentage of each? For
each, give the chemical symbol and charge.
What is the general term used for these 2 elements combined together?
When these 2 elements are in minerals, they combine to make the basic molecule (“building block”) of over 95%
of the minerals in the crust. What is the name, formula, and charge of this molecule?
6. Explain the difference between an amorphous solid and a crystalline solid.
7. List the seven most abundant positively charged ions by weight in the crust.
8. Define mineral. BE COMPLETE and list ALL parts of the definition!!
9. In the chart below, determine whether the item listed is a mineral or not a mineral. If the item is NOT a
mineral, list WHY it does not fit the definition.
SUBSTANCE
MINERAL? Yes or no EXPLANATION
gasoline
brass
sugar
snow
10. What is a carbonate mineral? Give an example from the list of minerals that you are required to
identify.
11. What is a native element mineral? Give an example from the list of minerals that you are required to
identify.
12. Look at samples 12A and 12B. Determine which is gypsum and which is muscovite. What is the best way
to distinguish between gypsum and muscovite?
13. Look at samples 13A and 13B. Determine which is amphibole and which is pyroxene. What is the best way
to distinguish between pyroxene and amphibole?
14. Name a mineral from the list of minerals that you are required to identify that has the following
properties. Some properties may be in more than one mineral, but you just need to list one.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY MINERAL NAME
striations
effervescence in acid
Salty taste
magnetic
Earthy luster
15. Define the following:
CRYSTAL FORM (CRYSTAL FACE):
CLEAVAGE PLANE:
16. Complete the chart below, identifying the characteristics of the required minerals.
LUSTER
(metallic or
nonmetallic)
HARDNESS
(scratches glass or
does not scratch)
COLOR
OF
SAMPLE
COLOR
OF
STREAK
TYPE OF CLEAVAGE or
FRACTURE or N/A
MINERAL NAME
LUSTER
(metallic or
nonmetallic)
HARDNESS
(scratches glass or
does not scratch)
COLOR
OF
SAMPLE
COLOR
OF
STREAK
TYPE OF CLEAVAGE or
FRACTURE or N/A
MINERAL NAME
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