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Ch. 9 Notes Magma that has a ____________ of water, carbon dioxide, or silica tends to erupt explosively. Lava hardens into _____________ features that range from smooth to jagged, depending on how thick the lava is and how quickly it flows. Ex: ____________, pahoehoe, _________, and pillow lava. Pyroclastic material, or __________________, Pyroclastic Material: 1. 2. 3. 4. Volcanic Effects The effects of ________________________ are felt both locally and around the world. The large _____________of gas and ash released from ________________ can affect climate. 3 types of volcanoes __________________________ can be classified according to their composition and overall shape. ___________________ result from many eruptions of relatively runny lava ____________________volcanoes result from mildly explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material. ______________________ result from alternating explosive and non-explosive eruptions. In the largest type of volcanic eruption, ___________________ pours from long fissures in the Earth’s crust to form ____________________. ___________________________________________________ are volcanic landforms. Volcanoes result from ____________________________ in the mantle. When ____________________________, some of the solid rock of the already hot mantle melts to form magma. Because it is __________________ than the surrounding rock, magma rises to the Earth’s surface. It either erupts as lava or __________________________ ______________________________________ influence magma formation. Most volcanoes form at __________________________________. As tectonic plates separate, ________________________ to fill the cracks, or rifts, that develop. (______________________________) As oceanic and continental plates _________________, the oceanic plate tends to subduct and cause the _______________________________________. To ___________________________, scientists study the frequency and type of earthquakes associated with the volcano as well as the changes in ______________, gases released, and volcanoes ____________________________.