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Digestive System Directed Reading Directions: Use pages 568-575 to complete the questions below. 1. How does the digestive system fuel body functions? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AT A GLANCE 2. What is the digestive system? a. the liver, pancreas, and small intestine b. a group of organs that work together to break down food c. the large intestine, gallbladder, and esophagus d. a group of veins and arteries that work together to digest food 3. Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive tract? a. stomach b. pharynx c. large intestine d. kidneys 4. Food passes through some of the organs of the digestive system but not others. Which organs does food NOT pass through? ________________________________________________________ BREAKING DOWN FOOD 5. What are the two main kinds of digestion? a. mechanical and chemical b. mechanical and liquid c. mechanical and solid d. mechanical and heat 6. The kind of digestion that takes place when you chew your food is . 7. When your body breaks down food into nutrients, digestion takes place. 8. The major types of nutrients are , fats, and proteins. 9. What substances cut up the protein chains? ______________________________________________________________ 10. Proteins are made up of chains of smaller molecules called . DIGESTION BEGINS IN THE MOUTH 11. Why is chewing important? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ For each kind of tooth listed, write whether it shreds, grinds, or mashes food. 12. premolars 13. incisors 14. canines 15. molars 16. As you chew your food, it is mixed with 17. Saliva changes complex carbohydrates into which are easier to digest. 18. How does the food get from your mouth to your throat? . , 19. What is the function of the esophagus? THE HARSH ENVIRONMENT OF THE STOMACH 20. What does the stomach do? 21. What do glands in the stomach produce? 22. What happens to most of the bacteria that you swallow with your food? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 23. When the food moves out of the stomach, it is a soupy mixture called . 24. Where does the chyme go when it leaves the stomach? _____________________________________________________________________ THE PANCREAS AND SMALL INTESTINE 25. What organ makes fluid that protects the small intestine from the acid in the chyme? ________________________ 26. The pancreas produces to regulate blood sugar. 27. Why is the small intestine not really very small? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 28. What do the villi in the small intestine do? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ THE LIVER AND GALLBLADDER 29. Which of the following is NOT a job of the liver? a. It stores bile. b. It stores nutrients. c. It breaks down toxins. d. It breaks up fat. 30. What is the job of the gallbladder? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 31. What does bile do? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 32. Which organ breaks down chemicals in the body such as alcohol and drugs? ________________________________________________________________ THE END OF THE LINE 33. Which of the following is NOT a job of the large intestine? a. absorbing water b. producing fiber c. producing feces d. storing excess material 34. What is fiber? 35. How does solid waste, or feces, leave the body? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________