Download Digestive System Directed Reading

Digestive System Directed Reading
Directions: Use pages 568-575 to complete the questions below.
1. How does the digestive system fuel body functions?
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AT A GLANCE
2. What is the digestive system?
a. the liver, pancreas, and small intestine
b. a group of organs that work together to break down food
c. the large intestine, gallbladder, and esophagus
d. a group of veins and arteries that work together to digest food
3. Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive tract?
a. stomach
b. pharynx
c. large intestine
d. kidneys
4. Food passes through some of the organs of the digestive system but
not others. Which organs does food NOT pass through?
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BREAKING DOWN FOOD
5. What are the two main kinds of digestion?
a. mechanical and chemical
b. mechanical and liquid
c. mechanical and solid
d. mechanical and heat
6. The kind of digestion that takes place when you chew your
food is
.
7. When your body breaks down food into nutrients,
digestion takes place.
8. The major types of nutrients are
, fats,
and proteins.
9. What substances cut up the protein chains?
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10. Proteins are made up of chains of smaller molecules called
.
DIGESTION BEGINS IN THE MOUTH
11. Why is chewing important?
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For each kind of tooth listed, write whether it shreds, grinds, or mashes
food.
12. premolars
13. incisors
14. canines
15. molars
16. As you chew your food, it is mixed with
17. Saliva changes complex carbohydrates into
which are easier to digest.
18. How does the food get from your mouth to your throat?
.
,
19. What is the function of the esophagus?
THE HARSH ENVIRONMENT OF THE STOMACH
20. What does the stomach do?
21. What do glands in the stomach produce?
22. What happens to most of the bacteria that you swallow with your food?
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23. When the food moves out of the stomach, it is a soupy mixture
called
.
24. Where does the chyme go when it leaves the stomach?
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THE PANCREAS AND SMALL INTESTINE
25. What organ makes fluid that protects the small intestine from the acid in the
chyme? ________________________
26. The pancreas produces
to regulate blood sugar.
27. Why is the small intestine not really very small?
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28. What do the villi in the small intestine do?
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THE LIVER AND GALLBLADDER
29. Which of the following is NOT a job of the liver?
a. It stores bile.
b. It stores nutrients.
c. It breaks down toxins.
d. It breaks up fat.
30. What is the job of the gallbladder?
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31. What does bile do?
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32. Which organ breaks down chemicals in the body such as alcohol and drugs?
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THE END OF THE LINE
33. Which of the following is NOT a job of the large intestine?
a. absorbing water
b. producing fiber
c. producing feces
d. storing excess material
34. What is fiber?
35. How does solid waste, or feces, leave the body?
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