Download Non-verbal Communication

Objectives:
1. To learn and understand how
nonverbal communication works.
2. To learn the different types of
nonverbal communication.
3. To learn how to effectively interpret
and use nonverbal communication.
CM in general is process of sending
and receiving messages that enables
humans to share knowledge,
attitudes, and skills. Although we
usually identify CM with speech,
*CM is composed of two dimensions
- Verbal and Nonverbal.
Non-verbal Communication
93% of what we communicate is
done through nonverbal channels.
Nonverbal CM - CM without words.
Includes: facial expressions, eyes, touching, and
tone of voice, as well as less obvious messages such
as dress, posture and spatial distance between two
or more people.
Everything communicates, including
material objects, physical space, and time
systems.
Although verbal output can be turned off,
nonverbal cannot. Even silence speaks.
No matter how
one can try,
one cannot not
communicate.
Commonly, nonverbal communication is learned
shortly after birth and practiced and refined
throughout a persons lifetime. Children first learn
nonverbal expressions by watching and imitating,
much as they learn verbal skills.
Young children know far more than they
can verbalize and are generally more
adept at reading nonverbal cues than
adults.
Humans use nonverbal CM because:
1. Words have limitations: There are several ways where
nonverbal communication is more effective than verbal
2.Nonverbal signals are powerful: Nonverbal cues usually
express inner feelings
3. Nonverbal messages are likely to be more real: because
nonverbal behaviors cannot be controlled as easily as
spoken words.
4. Nonverbal signals can express feelings inappropriate to
say aloud: Social etiquette limits what can be said, but
nonverbal cues can communicate thoughts.
5. A separate communication channel is necessary to help
send complex messages
BODY MOVEMENTS,
GESTURES AND
POSTURES
Movements and gestures by the hands, arms, legs,
and other parts of the body and face are the most
pervasive (diffused through every part of)types of
nonverbal messages and the most difficult to
control.
It is estimated that there are over 200,000 physical
signs capable of stimulating meaning in another
person. For example, there are 23 distinct eyebrow
movements, each capable of stimulating a
different meaning.
People Communicate
by the way they walk,
stand, and sit. We tend
to be more relaxed
with friends or when
addressing those of
lower status. Body
orientation also
indicates status or
liking of the other
individual. More direct
orientation is related to
a more positive
attitude.
Body movements and postures alone
have no exact meaning, but they can
greatly support or reject the spoken
word.
Nonverbal Activity #1: Wordless
Acting
• I need 4 volunteers
• Determine who will play role A and who
will play role B
• Using the script I give you, Student A will
read your lines out loud; Student B will
communicate your lines Nonverbally.
• Student B will be assigned an emotion to
portray as they perform their part.
FACIAL EXPRESSION
The saying “A picture is worth a thousand
words” describes the meaning of facial
expression. Facial appearance - including
wrinkles, muscle tone, skin coloration, and
eye color-offers enduring cues that reveal
information about age, sex, race, ethnic
origin, and status.
Facial expressions may be unintentional or
intentional.
Next to words the human face is the primary
source of information for determining an
individuals internal feelings.
EYES
The most dominant and reliable
features of the face are the
eyes. Eyes provide a constant
channel of CM. They can be
shifty and evasive; convey
hate, fear, and guilt; or express
confidence, love, and support.
Referred to as mirrors of the
soul, the eyes serve as the
major decision factor in
interpreting spoken words.
Except for extremely shy
individuals, most people look
for social acceptance by
studying the eyes of others.
Eyes also can accurately
indicate a positive or a negative
relationship. People tend to
look longer and more often at
those, whom they trust, respect
and care about than at those
whom they doubt or dislike.
Research shows
that a speaker
who looks at an
audience is
perceived as
Favorable,
Confident
Credible,
Qualified,
Honest &
Less Nervous
Personality characteristics such as
introversion and extroversion also
influence eye behavior.
Eye contact is often used as an indication of
whether or not a person is lying. The
stereotype is that a dishonest person will
not look you in the eye.
Distance!
1.Intimate distance - from actual touching to eighteen
inches. This zone is reserved for those with whom one
is intimate.
2. Personal distance from eighteen inches to four feet.
This is the distance of interaction of good friends.
3.Social distance exists from four to twelve feet. It seems
to be an appropriate distance for casual friends and
acquaintances to interact.
4.Public distance outward from twelve feet a speaker
becomes formal.
Nonverbal Activity #2: Where’s
your bubble?
• 2 volunteers will be needed for this
exercise to demonstrate CM distances.
__________________________________
Nonverbal Activity #3: Confined
• 5 volunteers will be needed to
demonstrate the unspoken rules of nonverbal behaviors.
TOUCH
Even a handshake tells much
about an individual’s character and
self esteem.The human skin has
hundreds of thousands of
submicroscopic nerve endings,
serving as tactual receptors and
detecting pressure, temperature,
texture, pain.
Parents transmit feelings to an
infant physically, not verbally.
In most human relationships, touching can
give encouragement, express tenderness,
and show emotional support
In general, the
meaning of
touching depends
on an individuals’
situation, culture,
sex, and age.
Workers in hospitals and nursing
homes have long been aware of the
therapeutic value of a sympathetic
touch.
VOCAL INTONATION AND
CUE
The proverb “It is not what we say that
counts, but how we say it” reflects the
meaning of vocal intonation
Certain cues often reveal emotional
conditions. Difference in loudness, pitch,
timbre, rate, inflection, rhythm, and
enunciation all relate to the expression of
various emotions.
Nonverbal Activity #4-We Have
to Move Now!
• Volunteers will draw a paper from the
container.
• Do not disclose the information indicated on
the strip of paper. Using the information given
to you, Please read the following sentence:
• “We all need to gather our stuff and move to
another building as soon as possible!”
• Class members will share assumptions made
about each student’s situation as they read
their prompts.
Objects, Use of Space and
Physical environment.
Appearance
Symbols
Nonverbal Activity #5-Stack the
Deck
•
•
•
•
Each student receives a card
Make sure you keep your card a secret.
NO TALKING!!! Or You are OUT!
Assemble into groups according to suits
using Nonverbal CM.
• Once in your groups, you must line up in
order of rank from Ace to King
• The group that gets into proper order first
*WINS! *prize may or may not include a treat
Nonverbal Activity #6- Screenwriter
• Step One: Get into groups of 4-5.
• Your mission: Write a silent movie screenplay. (Story
without using words)
• Criteria: Make sure to use at least 5 of the 8 elements
of Nonverbal CM. Body language/gestures, facial expression,
eyes, distance, touch, vocal intonation, objects, symbols.
– Start the scene with someone doing an obvious
task.
– Add to the scene by introducing another actor(s) or
character (s) who’s appearance has a big impact on
the original task of the first actor.
– A physical commotion takes place. Include a slow
motion moment.
– The problem is resolved. The end, take a bow. 