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The Persian War
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How did the Greeks defeat the most
powerful empire in the world?
500 – 499 B.C.: The Ionian Revolt
 Ionian states revolt against Persian conquerors
 Athens and Eretria come to their aid
490 B.C.: Battle of Marathon
 Darius decides to punish Athens and Eretia
 Meets Athens at the Plain of Marathon, but Athens
doesn’t show!
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Phalanx
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Hopilite Soldier
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490 B.C.: Battle of Marathon
 The Persians pack it up for Athens
 With the Cavalry packed up and the infantry standing in
shallow water, the Athenian army charged down the hill at the
Persian army!
 Soldiers lost: Athens 192, Persia 6,400
Battle Of Marathon
Themistocles’ “Wooden Wall”
 Many Greeks realized this
was not the last time
they’d see the Persians
 'Though all else shall be
taken, Zeus, the all seeing,
grants that the wooden
wall only shall not fail.'
 Themistocles believes a
Fleet of Triremes are to
defeat Persia
Second Persian Invasion 480 BC
 Emperor Xerxes
assembles an army of
200,000 Men
 According to Herodotus
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 Wanted to invade by land
so as not to rely on navy
 Crossed at Hellenspont
480 B.C.: Battle of Thermopylae
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
While The Athenians are preparing their fleet, Darius’ Successor, Xerxes Attacks the
Spartan Army at Thermopylae
480 B.C.: Battle of Thermopylae
Sparta’s King,
Leonidas
A Greek
Hoplite
Thermopylae
480 B.C.: Battle of Thermopylae
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480 B.C. Continues…
 After Thermopylae, the Persians march
south to Athens
 Themistocles, however, lets Xerxes burn
Athens to the ground and plunder the city
 Themisticles was to win this war at sea…
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480 B.C.: The Battle of Salamis
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Themistocles lures the Persian fleet into the channel between Salamis
and the mainland.
The Persians are taken by surprise!
Persian Fleet cannot maneuver like the Greek Triremes,
The Trireme
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The Trireme
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More on Salamis
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The End of the War…
 479 B.C.: The Battle of Platea
 478: Formation of the Delian League