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Transcript
BODY SYSTEMS COACH K HEALTH SYSTEMS OF THE BODY Skeletal Muscular Integumentary Circulatory Respiratory Digestive Sensory Reproductive Excretory Lymphatic(Immune) SKELETAL The skeleton is a strong yet flexible framework of bones and connective tissue. Provides support and structure Assists with Muscular systems in movement Provides protection of vital organs SKELETON SYSTEM AXIAL SKELETON APPENDICULAR SKELETON MUSCULAR SYSTEM The muscular system consists of layers of muscles that cover the bones of the skeleton Extends across joints Can contract and relax to produce movement Responsible for movement Voluntary vs Involuntary NERVOUS SYSTEM The nervous system is the body’s main control system. It consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and a network of nerves that extend out to the rest of the body. Controls most body functions Negative Feedback Loop Reflexes RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Starts in the mouth Stomach acid helps break down food Moves through system Most absorption takes place in small intestine INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM The skin, hair, and nails form the body’s outer covering, or integument. They help to protect the body’s internal parts from damage and provide a barrier to invasion by infectious organisms. An adult’s skin covers an area of about 2 m2 or 22 sq ft CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting disease, stabilizing temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis. BLOOD MOVEMENT, CIRCULATION IMMUNE SYSTEM This system is a network of vessels that collects fluid from tissues and returns it to the blood. It also contains groups of cells that protect the body against infection. CELLS The basic building blocks of the body are tiny structures called cells. The human body contains trillions of cells, which fall into several types – nerve cells, muscle cells, fat cells, liver cells, and so on – each with a different function. A typical cell has a central nucleus surrounded by some jellylike material called cytoplasm. Covering the cytoplasm is the plasma membrane. This controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. CELLS CONTINUED Cells come in different shapes and sizes, but all have features in common. Most cells have a nucleus. This contains genetic material, which directs the cell’s activities. The cytoplasm contains small structures called organelles. There are several types of organelle, each with a specific job. Mitochondria, for example, produce energy for the cell. NERVE CELLS Nerve cells, or neurons, are one of the most numerous types of body cell. Each nerve cell has a central body, containing the cell nucleus, and fibrelike projections, which can be up to 1 m (3 1/3 ft) long. The nervous system contains billions of neurons, which collect and transmit information around the body. The adult brain alone may contain as many as 25 billion neurons. TISSUES Cells group together to form tissues, each with specific functions. Connective tissue is the most widespread; it separates and supports other tissues and organs, and includes cartilage and bone. Adipose tissue is packed with fat cells, which provide energy storage and insulation. Epithelial tissue protects and lines the surfaces of many body organs. Other types include muscle and nervous tissue. ORGANS Tissues are grouped together in the body to form organs. These include the brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, and liver. Each body organ has a specific shape and is made up of different types of tissue that work together. For example, the heart consists mainly of a specialized type of muscle tissue, which contracts rhythmically to provide the heart’s pumping action. But it also contains nervous tissue, which carries the electrical signals that bring about the contractions, and is lined with epithelial tissue.