Download Naming Binary Inorganic Compounds

Chemistry 11: Naming Binary Inorganic Compounds
Naming Binary ionic compounds with one oxidation state (group 1, II, aluminum,
zinc, cadmium, silver)
Recall that ionic compounds consist of a metal and a nonmetal. When writing the name
of an ionic compound:
 The name of the __________ is written first
 The stem of the non-metal follows, followed by ________
 What are the stems for:
o Oxygen
o Hydrogen
o Nitrogen
o Chlorine
o Sulfur
o Fluorine
Ex. MgCl2 __________________________ Li3N _________________________
Al2S3 __________________________
Writing Formulas of Binary ionic compounds
1. Write the symbols of the elements with the metal first, then the non-metal. Write the
ionic charge of each element, above and to the right, for each element.
Ca2+ P32. Criss-cross the numbers down to become subscripts on the opposite element. Drop
the charges
Ca2+ P3Ca P
3. Cancel to the lowest ratio by dividing by the largest common factor.
Example 1:
beryllium oxide
Metals with multiple oxidation states
Many transition metals have more than one possible oxidation state.
Element
Symbol
Copper
Iron
Lead
Mercury
Tin
Antimony
Cobalt
Gold
Cu
Fe
Pb
Hg
Sn
Sb
Co
Au
Lower
Oxidation
State
+1
+2
+2
+1
+2
+3
+2
+1
Classical
Stock
Cuprous
Ferrous
Plumbous
Mercurous
Stannous
Stibnous
Cobaltous
Aurous
(I)
(II)
(II)
(I)
(II)
(III)
(II)
(I)
Higher
Oxidation
State
+2
+3
+4
+2
+4
+5
+3
+3
Classical Stock
Cupric
Ferric
Plumbic
Mercuric
Stannic
Stibnic
Cobaltic
Auric
(II)
(III)
(IV)
(II)
(IV)
(V)
(III)
(III)
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Balancing Charges Method to give names from Formulas
AuN
Fe2O3
To write formulas from names
Iron (III) chloride
Naming of Compounds that contain Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are ___________ molecules. The atoms within a polyatomic ion are usually
very tightly bound together, so the ion retains its identity within ionic compounds and over the
course of many chemical reactions.
o
o
o
o
Compounds formed with polyatomic ions must have _________________________,
just like those formed from monatomic ions
This means that in many compounds there will be more than one unit of a given
polyatomic ion
This is reflected in the formulas of these compounds by the use of ______________.
The subscript after the parentheses tells you how many units of that ion you have
Chart of Polyatomic Ions
Valence = +1
Name
Ammonium
Ion
NH4+
Ion
CNC2H3O2ClOClO2ClO3ClO4HCO3-
Ion
CO32CrO42Cr2O72-
Name
cyanide
acetate (also CH3COO-)
hypochlorite
chlorite
chlorate
perchlorate
bicarbonate
Valence = -1
Ion
MnO4NO2NO3OH-
Valence = -2
Ion
O22SO32SO42-
Name
carbonate
chromate
dichromate
Ion
PO43-
Name
permanganate
nitrite
nitrate
hydroxide
Name
peroxide
sulfite
sulfate
Valence = -3
Name
phosphate
2
For those ions that contain oxygen, there is a pattern for their naming:
ClO-
hypochlorite
ClO2-
chlorite
ClO3-
chlorate
ClO4-
perchlorate
It is easiest to remember those formulae that end in “ate” and derive the others from it.
The compound that contains __________________ will have an “ite” suffix. One fewer oxygen
than the “ite” compound will have a _________ prefix. The compound that contains one more
oxygen than the “ate” compound will have a _________ prefix.
Common names of some ionic compounds and their uses
IUPAC Name
Chemical Formula
Mg(OH)2
Common name
Milk of magnesia
Use of property
Antacid
N2O
Laughing gas
Na2CO3
Washing soda
Used in dentistry as an
anaesthetic
General cleaner
NaCl
Table salt
Enhancing flavour
NaHCO3
Baking soda
NaOH
Lye
Making baked goods
rise
Neutralizing acids
CaCl2
Road Salt
K2CO3
Potash
Lowers the melting point
of water
Animal feed, fertilizer
Practice
I. Give names for the following compounds. These are all group I, and II metals. They
only ever have one charge. Find it from your periodic tables. Metal name first then nonmetal with –ide ending.
a. Li2O _____________________________
b. MgS _____________________________
c. CaF2
_____________________________
d. BeF2 _____________________________
e. K3P ______________________________
f.
Mg3P2 ____________________________
g. CaO ______________________________
h. Na3P _______________________________
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i.
Ba3N2 ______________________________
II. Give names for the following compounds. These are all group I, and II metals. They
only ever have one charge. Find it from your periodic tables. Metal name first then the
polyatomic ion name.
LiNO3 _____________________________
MgSO4 ____________________________
Ca3(PO4)2 __________________________
Be(OH)2 ___________________________
KClO3 ______________________________
MgCN ____________________________
Li2CO3_____________________________
NaCl04 _____________________________
BaCrO4 ____________________________
K2Cr2O7____________________________
LiCl03 _____________________________
Mg(MnO4)2 ________________________
III. Write formulas for the following compounds. Find the charges and use the criss-cross
method.
a. magnesium oxide _________________
k. strontium sulfide
b. barium nitride
l.
__________________
c. potassium sulfide __________________
d. calcium bromide
_________
calcium phosphide _________
m. magnesium chloride __________
__________________
e. aluminum sulfide __________________
f.
beryllium oxide
__________________
g. sodium fluoride
__________________
h. lithium nitride
____________________
IV. Give names for the the following compounds. These metals can have more than one
oxidation state (charge). You must use the balancing charges method to find the charge
(Roman numeral). Polyatomic ions are also in this section.
Naming with group 3-12 metals (Roman numeral) and polyatomic ions.
Pb3(PO4)2 _______________________________________________
CuCl
Fe2O3
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Pb(CO3)2 ______________________________________________
Sn(OH)2 ______________________________________________
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SnSO3
______________________________________________
HgCl2
______________________________________________
Co(CN)2 ______________________________________________
CuO
______________________________________________
Pb(ClO3)4 ______________________________________________
Mixed Names and Formulas (All types)
Iron (III) hydroxide __________________
Silver chloride _____________________
sodium hydroxide ____________________
lithium oxide _________________________
cobalt (III) bicarbonate __________________
aluminum sulfide _______________________
ammonium cyanide ______________________
iron (III) phosphide _______________________
vanadium (V) phosphate __________________
sodium permanganate ____________________
manganese (III) fluoride __________________
Ba(OH)2 _________________________________________
Mg3(PO4)2 ________________________________________
Sn(CO3)2 _________________________________________
Sr(NO2)2 _________________________________________
Sn(OH)2 __________________________________________
CaSO4 ___________________________________________
FeCl2 _______________________________________
SnF4 ________________________________________
FeS ________________________________________
Ni2O3 ________________________________________
Be(NO3)2 ______________________________________
Ni2S3 _________________________________________
K2O __________________________________________
AgBr __________________________________________
Zn3(PO4)\2_______________________________________
CuCO3 __________________________________________
NiSe ___________________________________________
Mn(CO3)2_______________________________________
Pb3N4_________________________________________
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Sn(OH)2 _______________________________________
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