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AP Biology Potential Essay Questions for Unit 7 1. Assume you are a red blood cell and describe your journey through the human body starting from and ending at the right atrium. Describe any changes you notice in the blood as you travel through the organs and tissues of the body; be sure to focus on what happens physiologically at these areas: muscles (general tissues), lungs, kidney, and intestines/liver. 2. The graph below shows the response of the human immune system to exposure to an antigen. Use this graph to answer part a and part b of this question. a. Describe the events that occur during period I as the specific immune system responds to the initial exposure to the antigen b. Describe the events that occur during period II following a second exposure to the same antigen. c. Explain how infection by the AIDS virus (HIV) affects the function of both T and B lymphocytes. Period I Period II Antibody Titer in Serum Antigen Injected 0 40 80 120 Time in Days 160 200 240 3. After school one day you notice that you are starving and decide to go get a cheeseburger. As you are eating, you think back to all you know about the digestive process. Assuming you have protein (meat), carbohydrates (bun) and fat (meat, mayo, cheese), describe how each nutrient is processed (digested/absorbed) as it passes from the mouth to the anus in your complete digestive tract. Be sure to name every part of the passageway, its function(s) and enzyme(s) and any accessory organs connected to it and their function(s) and enzyme(s). 4. Concerning the mammalian respiratory system: a. Describe each structure and its function(s). b. Describe the mechanisms of inspiration and expiration c. Describe the exchange process of oxygen and carbon dioxide that occur at the alveoli and muscle cells. d. Describe how gases are transported in the blood as well as an explanation of why the % saturation of hemoglobin varies at different partial pressures, temperatures and pH.