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Rocks and the Rock Cycle Pages D36-D67 Prefixes: meanings •ig= fire (igneous) •sed= to sit (sedimentary) • meta= to change • Metamorphic National Geographic • Crystal Cave : long video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OLdSJ mvcUs Igneous Rocks D40-D45 • 1. mineral: natural, solid substance that has definite chemical composition and physical structure. • • • • always forms as a crystal only 100 are common make up most of Earth’s crust http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a7p1N Fn64s Introduction • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCnAF1 Opt8M overview of igneous rocks • What are minerals? • Bill Nye: rockshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9X v1DoqkARQ Diamonds are a girls best friend! Identifying minerals • • • • • Observe the properties: hardness color crystal shape color of streak test density Crown Jewels: English royalty Worth a bit o’ money! Hope Diamond: Curses! Devil’s Tower in Wyoming This is where it begins… Formation of Igneous Rocks • 2. magma: rock melted within the earth • 3. Igneous rock: when magma is pushed up from the mantle into the cool crust and hardens into rock Extrusive, intrusive… Intrusive vs. extrusive • Intrusive rock *magma that hardens within earth’s crust *pushes into the crust *also called plutonic rock: (Greek) means “Hades, the god of the underworld” “Pluto” is the Roman underworld god Look again..batholith, plutons… Extrusive rock • Hardens on Earth’s surface • AKA volcanic rock • 4… lava: magma that reaches the surface • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcfstbQ yrzU&feature=related • Use caution, Mrs. Beardslee! • McGrath sent us this one: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpz4fX H7nuo&feature=em-share_video_user • (underwater video of igneous formations) Intrusive Igneous Rocks • form underground and cool VERY slowly • Plutons: underground structures • Batholiths: Sierra Nevada Mts. and Shiprock, New Mexico (cool picture on pg. D42) • Erosion allowed them to be exposed One more time!!! Extrusive I.R. • * if crystals don’t have time to grow, they are smaller (fine grained) • Obsidian is a great example • Pumice floats (full of holes!) Big Obsideon Picture..really big Uses for I.R. • Buildings (Wall of China, Empire State..) • Jewelry • Weapons • Granite is a huge example! Pumice..notice the large air holes Pahoehoe A’a (ouch!) Great Wall of China..is in China..made of granite..that is a rock…duh! Empire State Building..New York City Really not thinking straight… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4b6n8ri JaFo&feature=em-share_video_user Sedimentary Rock D48-D53 • Forms from materials at Earth’s surface 5. weathering: process of breaking rock into smaller pieces Bill Nye: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =9Xv1DoqkARQ Sedimentary rocks!!! D49 • Weathering occurs because of flowing water, wind, ice • 6. Erosion: movement of sediments to another place (scooted along) • 7. deposition: dropping of sediments from wind/water that slowed down Wind erosion The Grand Canyon from space Underground “Grand Canyon” • http://travel.yahoo.com/photos/in-pictures%C5%A1kocjan-caves-in-sloveniaslideshow/ Water erosion D49 • 8. sedimentation: layers of sediment deposited over millions of years (compacting down!) • Compaction: packing down the layers like a smashed sandwich • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7U3Oti2L8S4 Star Wars… • 9. cementation: gluing particles together (cement? Get it?) Smashed Italian Sandwich… Trash compactor..see it squish! Question time! • 1. Where do sedimentary rocks form? • 2. What does WEDSC2 stand for? Overview of process: • • • • • • 1. weathering 2. erosion 3. deposition 4. sedimentation 5. compaction (compacting trash?) 6. cementation Two groups of sedimentary: • 10. clastic rocks: made of sediments that were weathered, transported, and deposited. • 11. chemical rocks: formed from minerals dissolved in water • (yum..chocolate milk!) Clastic rocks Chemical Sedimentary Rock Uses of sedimentary rocks • • • • • • • Buildings Pottery, bricks, dishes, china Preservatives (from salt) Melt snow on roads (salt again!) Energy (fossil fuels) Farming (adds good stuff to soil) Fossils (see our past!) See the layers? Look closer! Questions D53 1-5 • Answer all five questions in your spiral in complete sentences. Yep, complete sentences! • Example: 1. Weathering blah blah blah blah into blah blah become sediment. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCFYeXyoOM4Petra, Jordan D52 Petra, Jordan Where is Petra? Metamorphic Rocks D56 • 12. metamorphism: process in which any kind of rock is changed (morphed!) into a metamorphic rock • Occurs deep in the crust, where heat/pressure can change properties of rock D56-57 • Low-grade: less pressure/heat so rocks aren’t that different (shale and slate) • High-grade: wow! Lots of heat/pressure and it turns it into a completely new rock D57 • Two conditions cause these rocks: a. regional metamorphism (plate boundaries squishing together) aka convergent and TFB boundaries..PRESSURE b. contact metamorphism: contact with heat “bakes” rocks (divergent boundaries! ) HEAT Contact metamorhphism Two Major types of metamorphic rock: D57 • Foliated: layers/bands you can see • Nonfoliated: do not appear banded Foliated rock example Processes that Cause this D58 • Heat: “bakes” rocks but doesn’t melt them • Pressure: 1. weight squishes layer below it and 2. crust bends it • Water: hot water + minerals = change in rocks Uses of M. R. D60 • • • • • Buildings (marble: Taj Mahal) Writing materials (graphite) Cosmetics (talc) Floors/paving stones lubricant With and without makeup! Worst vocals ever… • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQs5Ta G33CI&feature=em-share_video_user Thank you Ms. McGrath…at least he sings too closely to the microphone..blech • Rap http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkGVE6 wNAzo from my neighbor…better one… D61 1-5 sentences! • 1. Find the answer about this on page D56…write a complete sentence! • 2. D56 • 3. It is asking if it is the top, middle, or lower layers..(hint: there are 2 answers!) • 4. It is asking about regional or contact metamorphism…which one represents a divergent boundary? Explain. • 5. NO HELP! Oh, you are all alone!! MOMMY!! The Way Rocks Can Change D64 • 13. rock cycle: shows the processes by which rocks are formed from one another • • • • Example: Quartz Quartz ….igneous….Granite Quartz….sedimentary…sandstone Quartz…metamorphic….quartzite The process: • Igneous > sedimentary> metamorphic • Rocks continually change from one to another! • http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcyc le/diagram.html great interactive The Five processes: • 1. melting: sed, ig, and met rocks form magma • 2. Cooling and solidification • 3. weathering, erosion, deposition • 4. compaction, cementation • 5. heat and pressure The Rock Cycle and Plate Boundaries • Convergent boundaries: rock cycle at work here! All three types of rock happen at this boundary! Your assignment: D67 1-5 • You can find the answers on: • • • • • 1. use a graph instead of a sentence 2. D65 3. D65 4. D66 5. D66 QTR 2: Weekly Quiz #1 • Please write your answers in complete sentences!!!! • 1. Rocks first formed from what? • 2. How many common minerals are there in the world? Answers!!!! • 1. Rocks first formed from melted material that cooled. • 2. There are 100 common minerals in the world. QTR 2 Quiz #2 • Please write each question in a complete sentence. It is not necessary to write the question down. • 1. What are the two types of igneous rock? • 2. What does WEDSC2 stand for? • 1. The two types of igneous rocks are extrusive and intrusive. • 2. Holy cow…here we go.. • Weathering, erosion, deposition, sedimentation, compaction and cementation.