Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
BIOLOGY SBI 3U0 NAME: ___________________ UNIT: CIRCULATION DATE: ___________________ VIDEO: CIRCULATION (INTRODUCING BIOLOGY - 30 minutes) __________________________________________________________________________ Red blood cells are made at a rate of several million per Second and die at the same rate. They live about 4 months and make about 170,000 round trips around the body. CLOTTING Blood is composed of TWO parts: FLUID parts and SOLID parts. The fluid portion is called PLASMA which is 90 92% water and 8 -10 % dissolved materials. The solid part contains THREE types of cells or fragments: Red blood cells (rbc), White blood cells (wbc) and platelets. RED BLOOD CELLS Red blood cells are the most numerous. Carry OXYGEN and give blood the RED COLOUR WHITE BLOOD CELLS White blood cells are the largest. Remove FOREIGN OBJECTS and KILL VIRUS AND BACTERIA PLATELETS Are the smallest and are used to protect the body from loss of blood ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 1 OF 4 by CLOTTING. Platelets are really only fragments of cells. They act as centres for stringing a network of PROTEIN MOLECULES called FIBRIN, which forms the main part of a clot. The platelets act as an ENZYME, which can change plasma proteins into fibrin. The network traps EXCAPING RED BLOOD CELLS and incorporates them into the clot. The fibrin then RETRACTS forming a tighter plug. (Platelets are necessary for this to occur.) They are very sticky and stick to 1) connective tissue and 2) DAMAGED AREAS OF BLOOD ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 2 OF 4 VESSELS. This prevents bleeding because injury damages these areas. Normally, blood vessels are completely lined with ENDOTHELI AL CELLS. If gaps occur, platelets stick and PLUG the gaps. This may prevent SPONTANE OUS bleeding. Without platelets, vessels will bleed spontaneousl y or from trivial INJURY. TRANSPORT This is the main function of circulation. It carries nutrients and gases. Most wastes are taken to the KIDNEY where they are eliminated from the body. The more one exercises, the more FOOD and OXYGEN are used and the more CARBON DIOXIDE and WASTE are produced. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 3 OF 4 HEART BEAT At rest, the heart beats about 78 beats per minute; but during exercise, it may increase to over 200 beats per minute. BLOOD VESSELS ARTERIES They are the pressure system of the body. Arteries carry blood AWAY FROM THE HEART to all parts of the body. As blood is pumped, arteries EXPAND and SPRING BACK. This helps keep blood flowing. Smaller arteries also dilate and constrict; but they do it to control the amounts of NUTRIENTS and OXYGEN going to the cells of that part of the body. Therefore, arteries are the HIGH-pressure part of the system. CAPILLARIES By the time the blood reaches the capillaries the blood is slow. Therefore there is LOW pressure. VEINS Veins have large INSIDE DIAMETER and are less ELASTIC than arteries. This allows the blood to flow more evenly. To help support the flow, veins have VALVES. These stop the back flow of blood. If a valve breaks down, other valves soon break down and result in VARICOUS VEINS. Treatment for these is either tying of f the damaged veins, which causes alternate flow or stripping. (* now newer methods). Muscle squeezing also helps to return blood to the ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 4 OF 4 heart. BLOOD PRESSURE There is more pressure in arteries when blood is pushed out of the heart than when the heart relaxes. The pressure of contraction is about 120; the pressure of relaxation is about 80. When the heart pumps harder or the vessels constrict, the pressure increases. If the pressure stays high, we call it HYPERTENSIO N. This condition is also associated with some conditions in arteries such as clogging and hardening. These can be sites of a CLOT (due to sticky platelets). The clots can break off causing potential problems. If they stop in the brain, the result is a STROKE. If they stop in the coronary arteries of the heart they result in a HEART ATTACK. The HEART also gets LARGER with HYPERTENSIO N and the muscle walls get SOFTER and lose STRENGTH. The ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 5 OF 4 KIDNEYS are also affected. Blood vessels are damaged and can make the kidneys nonfunctional. DIET It plays a major role in the health of the transport system. CHOLESTEROL It is a fatty substance in all food s of origin and is manufactured by the LIVER. It causes a build up on the blood vessel walls and produces PLAQUE. These are sites for clots to form. Clots of this nature; are most common in the BRAIN, LEGS and HEART. EXERCISE It also helps to keep the body in good working order. Some suggested activities are WALKING and SWIMMING. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 6 OF 4 BIOLOGY SBI 3U0 NAME: ___________________ UNIT: CIRCULATION DATE: ___________________ VIDEO: CIRCULATION (INTRODUCING BIOLOGY - 30 minutes) __________________________________________________________________________ Red blood cells are made at a rate of several million per Second and die at the same rate. They live about _____ months and make about 170,000 round trips around the body. CLOTTING Blood is composed of ______ parts: ________ parts and ________ parts. The fluid portion is called PLASMA which is ________% water and ________% dissolved materials. The solid part contains ________ types of cells or fragments: Red blood cells (rbc), White blood cells (wbc) and platelets. RED BLOOD CELLS Red blood cells are the most numerous. Carry __________ and give blood the __________ __________ WHITE BLOOD CELLS White blood cells are the largest. Remove __________ __________ and _____________ _____________ PLATELETS Are the smallest and are used to protect the body from ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 7 OF 4 loss of blood by _____________ _. Platelets are really only fragments of cells. They act as centres for stringing a network of _________ __________ called __________, which forms the main part of a clot. The platelets act as an __________, which can change plasma proteins into fibrin. The network traps ___________ ___________ ___________ ____ and incorporates them into the clot. The fibrin then ___________ _____ forming a tighter plug. (Platelets are necessary for this to occur.) They are very sticky and stick to 1) connective ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 8 OF 4 tissue and 2) _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________. This prevents bleeding because injury damages these areas. Normally, blood vessels are completely lined with ___________ ___________ ____. If gaps occur, platelets stick and __________ the gaps. This may prevent ___________ _________ bleeding. Without platelets, vessels will bleed spontaneousl y or from trivial __________. TRANSPORT This is the main function of circulation. It carries nutrients and gases. Most wastes are taken to the ___________________ where they are eliminated from the body. The more one exercises, the more _____________ and _____________ are used and the ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 9 OF 4 more ________ ________ and ________ are produced. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 10 OF 4 HEART BEAT At rest, the heart beats about _____ beats per minute; but during exercise, it may increase to over ______ beats per minute. BLOOD VESSELS ARTERIES They are the pressure system of the body. Arteries carry blood ________________________ to all parts of the body. As blood is pumped, arteries __________ and __________. This helps keep blood flowing. Smaller arteries also dilate and constrict; but they do it to control the amounts of __________ and __________ going to the cells of that part of the body. Therefore, arteries are the ______-pressure part of the system. CAPILLARIES By the time the blood reaches the capillaries the blood is slow. Therefore there is __________ pressure. VEINS Veins have large __________ __________ and are less __________ than arteries. This allows the blood to flow more evenly. To help support the flow, veins have __________. These stop the back flow of blood. If a valve breaks down, other valves soon break down and result in _____________ ______ __________. Treatment for these is either tying of the damaged veins, which causes alternate flow or stripping. (* now newer methods). Muscle squeezing also ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 11 OF 4 helps to return blood to the heart. BLOOD PRESSURE There is more pressure in arteries when blood is pushed out of the heart than when the heart relaxes. The pressure of contraction is about ______; the pressure of relaxation is about ______. When the heart pumps harder or the vessels constrict, the pressure increases. If the pressure stays high, we call it _____________ _____. This condition is also associated with some conditions in arteries such as clogging and hardening. These can be sites of a __________ (due to sticky platelets). The clots can break off causing potential problems. If they stop in the brain, the result is a _____________ _. If they stop in the coronary arteries of the heart they result in a __________ __________. The __________ also gets __________ with ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 12 OF 4 _____________ __________ and the muscle walls get __________ and lose __________. The __________ are also affected. Blood vessels are damaged and can make the kidneys nonfunctional. DIET It plays a major role in the health of the transport system. CHOLESTEROL It is a fatty substance in all food s of origin and is manufactured by the __________. It causes a build up on the blood vessel walls and produces __________. These are sites for clots to form. Clots of this nature; are most common in the __________, __________ and __________. EXERCISE It also helps to keep the body in good working order. Some suggested activities are __________ and __________. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VIDEO CIRCILATION PAGE 13 OF 4