Download BIOLOGY SBI 3A0

BIOLOGY SBI 3U0
NAME: ___________________
UNIT: CIRCULATION
DATE: ___________________
VIDEO: CIRCULATION (INTRODUCING BIOLOGY - 30 minutes)
__________________________________________________________________________
Red blood cells are made at a rate of several million per Second and die at the same rate.
They live about 4 months and make about 170,000 round trips around the body.
CLOTTING
Blood is composed of TWO parts: FLUID parts and SOLID parts.
 The fluid
portion is
called
PLASMA
which is 90 92% water
and
8 -10 %
dissolved
materials.
 The solid part
contains
THREE types
of cells or
fragments:
Red blood
cells (rbc),
White blood
cells (wbc)
and platelets.
RED BLOOD CELLS
Red blood cells are the most numerous.
Carry OXYGEN
and give blood
the RED
COLOUR
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
White blood cells are the largest.
Remove
FOREIGN
OBJECTS and
KILL VIRUS
AND BACTERIA
PLATELETS
Are the smallest and are used to protect the body from
loss of blood
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by CLOTTING.
 Platelets are
really only
fragments of
cells.
 They act as
centres for
stringing a
network of
PROTEIN
MOLECULES
called
FIBRIN,
which forms
the main part
of a clot.
 The platelets
act as an
ENZYME,
which can
change
plasma
proteins into
fibrin.
 The network
traps
EXCAPING
RED BLOOD
CELLS and
incorporates
them into the
clot.
 The fibrin
then
RETRACTS
forming a
tighter plug.
(Platelets are
necessary for
this to occur.)
 They are very
sticky and
stick to 1)
connective
tissue and
2)
DAMAGED
AREAS OF
BLOOD
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VESSELS.
 This prevents
bleeding
because
injury
damages
these areas.
 Normally,
blood vessels
are
completely
lined with
ENDOTHELI
AL CELLS.
 If gaps occur,
platelets stick
and PLUG
the gaps.
This may
prevent
SPONTANE
OUS
bleeding.
 Without
platelets,
vessels will
bleed
spontaneousl
y or from
trivial
INJURY.
TRANSPORT
This is the main function of circulation. It carries nutrients and gases. Most wastes are taken
to the KIDNEY where they are eliminated from the body.
The more one
exercises, the
more FOOD and
OXYGEN are
used
and
the more
CARBON
DIOXIDE and
WASTE are
produced.
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HEART BEAT
At rest, the heart
beats about 78
beats per minute;
but during
exercise,
it may increase
to over 200 beats
per minute.
BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES
They are the pressure system of the body.
Arteries carry blood AWAY FROM THE HEART to all parts of the body.
As blood is pumped, arteries EXPAND and SPRING BACK. This helps
keep blood flowing. Smaller arteries also dilate and constrict; but they do it
to control the amounts of NUTRIENTS and OXYGEN going to the cells of
that part of the body. Therefore, arteries are the HIGH-pressure part of the
system.
CAPILLARIES
By the time the blood reaches the capillaries the blood is slow.
Therefore there
is LOW pressure.
VEINS
Veins have large INSIDE DIAMETER and are less ELASTIC than arteries. This allows the
blood to flow more evenly. To help support the flow, veins have VALVES. These stop the
back flow of blood.
If a valve breaks
down, other
valves soon
break down and
result in
VARICOUS
VEINS.
Treatment for
these is either
tying of f the
damaged veins,
which causes
alternate flow or
stripping. (* now
newer methods).
Muscle
squeezing also
helps to return
blood to the
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heart.
BLOOD PRESSURE
There is more pressure in arteries when blood is pushed out of the heart than when the heart
relaxes. The pressure of contraction is about 120;
the pressure of
relaxation is
about 80.
When the heart
pumps harder or
the vessels
constrict, the
pressure
increases. If the
pressure stays
high, we call it
HYPERTENSIO
N. This condition
is also
associated with
some conditions
in arteries such
as clogging and
hardening.
These can be
sites of a CLOT
(due to sticky
platelets). The
clots can break
off causing
potential
problems.
If they stop in the
brain, the result
is a STROKE.
If they stop in the
coronary arteries
of the heart they
result in a
HEART
ATTACK. The
HEART also gets
LARGER with
HYPERTENSIO
N and the
muscle walls get
SOFTER and
lose
STRENGTH. The
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KIDNEYS are
also affected.
Blood vessels
are damaged
and can make
the kidneys
nonfunctional.
DIET
It plays a major role in the health of the transport system.
CHOLESTEROL
It is a fatty substance in all food s of origin and is manufactured by the LIVER. It causes a
build up on the blood vessel walls and produces PLAQUE. These are sites for clots to form.
Clots of this nature; are most common in the BRAIN, LEGS and HEART.
EXERCISE
It also helps to keep the body in good working order.
Some suggested activities are WALKING and SWIMMING.
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BIOLOGY SBI 3U0
NAME: ___________________
UNIT: CIRCULATION
DATE: ___________________
VIDEO: CIRCULATION (INTRODUCING BIOLOGY - 30 minutes)
__________________________________________________________________________
Red blood cells are made at a rate of several million per Second and die at the same rate.
They live about _____ months and make about 170,000 round trips around the body.
CLOTTING
Blood is composed of ______ parts: ________ parts and ________ parts.
 The fluid
portion is
called
PLASMA
which is
________%
water and
________%
dissolved
materials.
 The solid part
contains
________
types of cells
or fragments:
Red blood
cells (rbc),
White blood
cells (wbc)
and platelets.
RED BLOOD CELLS
Red blood cells are the most numerous.
Carry
__________ and
give blood the
__________
__________
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
White blood cells are the largest.
Remove
__________
__________ and
_____________
_____________
PLATELETS
Are the smallest and are used to protect the body from
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loss of blood
by
_____________
_.
 Platelets are
really only
fragments of
cells.
 They act as
centres for
stringing a
network of
_________
__________
called
__________,
which forms
the main part
of a clot.
 The platelets
act as an
__________,
which can
change
plasma
proteins into
fibrin.
 The network
traps
___________
___________
___________
____ and
incorporates
them into the
clot.
 The fibrin
then
___________
_____
forming a
tighter plug.
(Platelets are
necessary for
this to occur.)
 They are very
sticky and
stick to 1)
connective
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tissue and
2)
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________.
 This prevents
bleeding
because
injury
damages
these areas.
 Normally,
blood vessels
are
completely
lined with
___________
___________
____.
 If gaps occur,
platelets stick
and
__________
the gaps.
This may
prevent
___________
_________
bleeding.
 Without
platelets,
vessels will
bleed
spontaneousl
y or from
trivial
__________.
TRANSPORT
This is the main function of circulation. It carries nutrients and gases. Most wastes are taken
to the ___________________ where they are eliminated from the body.
The more one
exercises, the
more
_____________
and
_____________
are used and the
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more ________
________ and
________ are
produced.
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HEART BEAT
At rest, the heart
beats about
_____ beats per
minute; but
during exercise,
it may increase
to over ______
beats per minute.
BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES
They are the pressure system of the body.
Arteries carry blood ________________________ to all parts of the body.
As blood is pumped, arteries __________ and __________. This helps
keep blood flowing. Smaller arteries also dilate and constrict; but they do it
to control the amounts of __________ and __________ going to the cells
of that part of the body. Therefore, arteries are the ______-pressure part
of the system.
CAPILLARIES
By the time the blood reaches the capillaries the blood is slow.
Therefore there
is __________
pressure.
VEINS
Veins have large __________ __________ and are less __________ than arteries. This
allows the blood to flow more evenly. To help support the flow, veins have __________.
These stop the back flow of blood.
If a valve breaks
down, other
valves soon
break down and
result in
_____________
______
__________.
Treatment for
these is either
tying of the
damaged veins,
which causes
alternate flow or
stripping. (* now
newer methods).
Muscle
squeezing also
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helps to return
blood to the
heart.
BLOOD PRESSURE
There is more pressure in arteries when blood is pushed out of the heart than when the heart
relaxes. The pressure of contraction is about ______;
the pressure of
relaxation is
about ______.
When the heart
pumps harder or
the vessels
constrict, the
pressure
increases. If the
pressure stays
high, we call it
_____________
_____. This
condition is also
associated with
some conditions
in arteries such
as clogging and
hardening.
These can be
sites of a
__________
(due to sticky
platelets). The
clots can break
off causing
potential
problems.
If they stop in the
brain, the result
is a
_____________
_.
If they stop in the
coronary arteries
of the heart they
result in a
__________
__________.
The __________
also gets
__________ with
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_____________
__________ and
the muscle walls
get __________
and lose
__________.
The __________
are also affected.
Blood vessels
are damaged
and can make
the kidneys
nonfunctional.
DIET
It plays a major role in the health of the transport system.
CHOLESTEROL
It is a fatty substance in all food s of origin and is manufactured by the __________. It causes
a build up on the blood vessel walls and produces __________. These are sites for clots to
form. Clots of this nature; are most common in the __________, __________ and
__________.
EXERCISE
It also helps to keep the body in good working order.
Some suggested activities are __________ and __________.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
VIDEO CIRCILATION
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