Download Law, Empire, Government, and Society in the Middle Ages

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Humanities
Fill-in-the-Blank Essay on the Fall of Rome and
Law, Empire, Government, and Society in the Middle Ages
LAW EXPERTISE—ONLY FILL IN THE BOLD FACE SECTION
After the end of the Pax p. 247, enemies of Rome began to
invade the empire. According to the map on page 247 of Our
World, the invading tribes included Angles & Saxons, Franks,
Burgundians, Huns, Slavs, p. 247, Visigoths, and p. 247. Rome
hired foreign p. 247 to guard its borders, but the army was too
p. 247 to stop them. These invading tribes p. 247 cities and farms
and stole from p. 247 . In response, Roman cities in the western
part of the empire built p. 247 walls with gates. Another
consequence of these invasions was that the Roman p. 247 could
not p. 247 taxes needed to run the empire.
To better govern Rome, Emperor p. 248 divided up the
empire into p. 248 parts: an eastern half and a p. 248 half.
Diocletian took the eastern, wealthy half. Diocletian saw p. 248 as
a threat to his power and to the p. 249 of Rome, so he started
persecuting them by p. 248 , injuring, and executing them. After
Diocletian retired in 305 A.D., he was replaced by Emperor pp.
248 and 249. When Constantine became emperor, he ended the p.
244 [yes, p. 244] of Christians and made Christianity one of
Rome’s p. 244 religions. Soon, Constantine realized that he would
never be able to reunite the Roman Empire, so he abandoned the
capital city of Rome. In the year p. 249 A.D. Constantine moved
the capital to a city named Byzantium, which he renamed p. 249
after himself. This city was partly in Europe and partly in p. 249,
was on major p. 249 routes, and was easy to defend because it was
built on a p. 249. Constantine saw himself as a protector of
Christians: he gave Christians freedom of p. 249, he gave Christian
leaders p. 249 and money, and he built many Christian p. 249.
From 376 A.D. to p. 250 A.D., Germanic invaders swept
through the western part of the Roman Empire. By the year 476
A.D. the last Roman p. 250 was removed from power. After the
Roman Empire fell, the eastern half became known as the p. 250
Empire. One the greatest leaders of this empire was p. 251, who
ruled from p. 251 to 565 A.D. Among his significant
accomplishments was the p. 251 Code. This preserved Roman laws
and Roman traditions. This code dealt with marriage, p. 251
rights, slavery, crime, and p. 251 rights. Many of the laws and
principles of the Justinian Code are the foundation for the p. 251 of
Western Europe and the p. 251 States.
After the fall of the eastern part of the Roman Empire, the
tribe known as the p. 341 established themselves in Gaul, or
France, as it is known today. The Franks conquered the southwest
part of what is now France, and lands in p. 341 and Germany.
Charles the Great, or p. 341 helped to restore order and stability to
central Europe. In p. 342, the pope declared Charlemagne
emperor for having spread Roman p. 341 throughout Europe.
When Charlemagne died in p. 342, his son Louis inherited it, but
after his death, the Frankish kingdom was again thrown into p.
342. Vikings plundered villages and p. 342 throughout Europe.
Another tribal group from the north, called the Normans,
settled in present-day p. 342. In the year 911 A.D., Charlemagne’s
grandson gave the Viking (another tribe from the north, or
Norman) chief p. 342 land in the north of p. 342, at the mouth of
the Seine River. These Normans adopted the p. 343 religion, the
French language, and many Frankish p. 343. In 1066, William,
Duke of p. 343 defeated Harold, the Saxon p. 343 of England and
made himself king. Because of this victory, he is known as
William the p. 343. He established a strong government in
England.
Around 800 A.D. a system of government called
feudalism was created. To control their lands, kings divided
them into fiefs, which are land a king or other powerful
landowner would give to nobles. These nobles are also called
vassals. Vassals swear an oath of fealty to their king. They
promise to be p. 344 to the kind, to fight for him in p. 344, and
to help keep the peace. Knights lived by a Code of conduct.
(The word “chivalry” comes from the French word
“chevalier,” which means horseman. Since the knights rode on
horses, “chevals in French, each knight was a “chevalier.”)
Knights had to know music and poetry and have good
manners. Each knight was supposed to be a good Christian
and defend the church. Eleanor of Aquitaine spread the ideas
of chivalry among French knights.
Below the vassals on the social pyramid in the Middle Ages
were p. 344. Serfs were p. 344 who worked the land. Serfs were
not p. 344, but they were not permitted to p. 344 the manor
without the permission of their p. 344. The serfs had to pay taxes
in the form of p. 344 and by p. 344 the land for their lord. Life
was very hard on the serfs, and many p. 344 at an early age. Serfs
lived in villages around the fortified house that belonged to their
owners. This village was called the p. 344.
A major change in law and government came about in the
year 1215 when King John of England was forced by his
vassals to sign the Magna Carta. It stated that the king could
not violate the rights of free men and women by setting unfair
taxes or taking their goods or the labor. Both the Magna Carta
and Bill of Rights are the property of citizens. Both say that
people cannot be put in [your word choice] unless they are
tried by members of their [your word choice] according to the
law.