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Arnoldi Chemistry Atomic Theory One Review Packet DEFINITIONS a. Atomic Number b. Mass Number c. Nucleons d. Nucleus e. Ions f. Cations g. Anions h. Isotopes i. Atomic Mass j. ground vs excited state k. stable vs unstable state l. electromagnetic spectrum m. continuous spectrum n. bright line spectrum 1. What is the fundamental building block of all matter? 2. What is the smallest piece of an element that still retains the properties of an element? Are elements always found as these singular items in nature? 3. What one value controls the identity of any atom? 4. Which of the following are found on the Periodic Table? For each, write what the value is for Argon: a. Atomic Number b. Mass Number c. Atomic Mass 5. How do we determine the mass number based upon subatomic particles? 6. Fill in the following table about subatomic particles: Particle Charge Mass (Two Ways) Location in Atom Proton Electron Neutron 7. What is the best way we can describe the location of an electron in an atom? 8. When is an atom neutral? 9. How are these two particles alike, and how are they different? 19 -1 F and 19 F 10. How are ions, in general, formed? How are cations formed? How are anions formed? 11. How are two isotopes of the same atom alike? How are they different? 12. Complete the following table: Isotope Protons Electrons Neutrons 127 -1 I 16 14 N O-2 17 17 18 18 83 83 126 13. What is the atomic mass of the following element: Isotope Mass R-1 R-2 64.015 amu 65.245 amu Percent Abundance 85.74% 14.26 % 14. Fill in the table below. Scientist Democritus Experiment Diagram No Experiment… he was a philosopher! Conclusions Made Flaws in Theory X X First person to use the term “______”, which means ______________. He also thought atoms were __________ and ___________. 1. All matter is made of ____________ which are ____________________ and ____________________________. Dalton Model Name 1. Atoms of the same element may have … 2. Atoms of the same element are … 2. Atoms of dif’t elements may have … 3. Atoms of dif’t elements are … 3. Atoms can be _______ in nuclear reactions. 4. Atoms combine in … 4. Atoms of the same element can be broken down into _________________. X The cathode ray is a … Thomson (cathode ray tube) Because the ray bent toward the positive magnet and away from the negative magnet, the ray must be ___________________. The location of the ______________ are located embedded within the atom. was incorrect. Because the particles mostly went through, the atom is mostly __________________. Rutherford (gold foil exp’t) X Because some of the positive particles were deflected, there is a small, dense, ___ charged center of the atom. It is called the ___________________. Electrons are found in ________________ or _______________. __________________ X Rutherford could not explain why the ____________ electrons did not “fall” into the positive nucleus. They fill from the inside (________) energy to the outside (________) energy. Bohr When they fill this way they are in the ________ state. When inner spots are skipped before moving on, it is the __________ state. Electron location was oversimplified. A generic Bohr diagram is… A quantum and a photon are… 15. How is Modern Theory like the original atomic theory? How is it different? 16. What is an alpha particle? 17. Draw Bohr diagrams for each of the following: a. Argon b. S-2 c. Mg+2 18. What happens with energy as an electron moves from the second energy level to the third energy level? What happens to energy as an electron moves from the third energy level to the second energy level? 19. Identify each of the atoms below as being in the ground or excited states: a. 8p )2e- )6e- 10 p )2e- )8e- 6p )6e- b. c. 20. Use colored pencils to draw each of the following: a. A bright line spectrum. b. A continuous spectrum. 21. What is special about a bright line spectrum?