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SNC2D – Animal Systems TEST Knowledge/Understanding Level: Name: ___________________ Multiple Choice – Chose the most correct answer for each of the questions below, then transfer the answers to the scantron provided. 1. The muscle tissue type that makes up the intestines is called: a) cardiac muscle b) skeletal muscle c) digestive muscle c) smooth muscle 2. Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are called: a) arteries b) veins c) capillaries d) vascular bundles 3. Tiny sacs of air in the lungs that are surrounded by a network of capillaries are called: a) bronchioles b) trachea c) goblet cells d) alveoli 4. Skeletal muscle is attached to bone by: a) cartilage b) ligaments c) tendons d) all of the above 5. A(n) _____________ stem cell can differentiate into any kind of cell: a) tissue b) adult c) embryonic d) DNA 6. The tube that leads to the bronchi is called the: a) esophagus b) trachea c) pharynx d) larynx 7. The muscle that controls our breathing is called the: a) ribs b) intercostals muscles b) lungs d) diaphragm 8. The transplanting of body parts from one species to another is called: a) zetotransplantation b) xenotransplantation c) transpeciation d) animorgation 9. Nerve cells are also called: a) neuroblastomas c) neurons b) neuroplasts d) cell bodies 10. Which of the following blood components is a liquid? A) red blood cells B) white blood cells C) platelets D) plasma 11. Which of the following is not an accessory organ in the digestive system? A) liver B) stomach C) pancreas D) gallbladder 12. Which of the following organs produces insulin? A) liver B) gall bladder C) pancreas D) small intestine 13. Which of the following statements is true: A) bile breaks down fat, is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder B) bile regulates blood sugar and is produced in the pancreas C) bile breaks down fat, is produced in the gallbladder and stored in the liver D) bile is an acid that breaks down fat in the stomach 14. Where in the digestive tract is water absorbed? A) small intestine B) large intestine C) stomach D) none of the above 15. Which component of blood carries oxygen? A) red blood cells B) white blood cells C) platelets D) plasma 16. Which component of blood is responsible for clotting? A) red blood cells B) white blood cells C) platelets D) plasma 17. The Central Nervous System includes which of the following: A) sensory and motor neurons B) brain and spinal cord C) skull and vertebrae D) autonomic nerves 18. Which of the following statements about nerve cells is false: A) myelin sheath insulates the electrical impulse B) the axon carries the message C) the cell body receives messages D) nerve cells send hormones through the body 19. Which of the following statements is true: A) sensory neurons carry information to the muscles B) motor neurons carry information to the brain C) sensory neurons carry information to the brain D) motor neurons carry information to the spinal cord 20. Which of the following statements about cord blood banking is false: A) blood is taken immediately from the babies umbilical cord B) The cells taken are embryonic cells C) The cells taken can treat childhood leukemia D)The cells can develop into various kinds of blood cells 21. The blood vessels with the thickest walls are: A) veins B) arteries C) capillaries D) the vena cava is the thickest 22. Which of the following best describes a hormone: A) an enzyme that helps digest food B) a fat cell that travels through the body and helps control our weight C) a chemical that sends a message through the blood to different parts of the body D) a specialized neuron 23. Which of the following statements are false regarding cross-species transplantation: A) Heart valves from pigs have been used to replace damaged human heart valves. B) rejection of living tissue is a major hurdle C) Human could get certain diseases from the other species during this process D) None of the above all false statements 24. Which of the following statements about the heart is false: a) blood enters the atria, then goes into the ventricles, then is pumped out of the heart b) the purpose of the heart is to pump blood to the body and to the lungs c) oxygenated blood is pumped to the body and deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs d)none of the above are false 25.Embryonic stem cells are taken from the: a) blastocyst b) zygote c) fetus d) bone marrow 26. The endocrine system: a) is composed of glands that produce hormones b) regulates important body functions c) a and b are true d)none of the above 27. Which of the following is not a gland of the endocrine system: a) thymus b) hypothalamus c) vagina d) testes 28. Which of the following statements about the endocrine glands is false: a) the pineal gland is part of the brain b) the thyroid gland is in the neck c) there are 2 adrenal glands d) the hypothalamus is above the kidneys 29. What endocrine gland is called the “master gland” because it releases hormones that controls other glands: a) pineal b) pituitary c) vagina d) testes 30. Hormones travel through the body by: a) cytoplasm b) nerves c) blood d) all of the above, depending on what hormone 31. The pineal gland: a) controls metabolism c) controls sleep patterns b) regulates body temperature d) regulates calcium levels in the blood 32. Cloning…. a) is creating genetically identical copies of biological matter b) is done with genes, cells, tissues, or entire organisms c) has never been done on humans d) all of the above 33. The three types of cloning are: a) molecular, genetic, and therapeutic b) molecular, reproductive, therapeutic c) genetic, molecular, reproductive d) therapeutic, reproductive, direct 34. Which of the following is a self-replicating genetic element used to make clones of DNA: a) bacterial plasmid b) clone cell c) genetic isomer d) host DNA 35. What is the role of the somatic cell in therapeutic cloning? a) to start embryonic growth b) to provide a place for the DNA to grow c) to provide the DNA needed d) all of the above 36. Which of the explanations below explains how Dolly was created: a) DNA was taken from a sheep’s somatic cell and fused into an egg cell from a different sheep, then the cells grow to an embryo, then the embryo is inserted into the sheep that provided the egg. b) DNA was taken from a sheep’s embryo and fused with a different sheep’s egg cell, then the cells grow in a petri dish, and are inserted into the sheep that provided the egg. c) DNA was taken from a sheep’s somatic cell and fused with an egg from the same sheep, grown in a petri dish, and then inserted back into that same sheep to grow the baby sheep. d) all of the above explanations have one or more errors in them. 37. Sperm and egg cells are haploid. What does that mean? a) that they each have 23 chromosomes instead of 46 b) that they are from the bottom half of the human body c) that they come from different sexes d) none of the above 38.The main female reproductive hormones are: a) oostrogen and progesterone b) estrogen and progesterone c) estrogen and testosterone d) progesterone and testosterone 39. Why is the scrotum lowered outside of the body? a) to increase the swim distance b) the testes need to be further from the bladder c) to keep the temperature lower d) to have more space for expansion 40. When sperm fertilizes an egg, the result is called a(n): a) embryo b) ovum c) zygote d) fetus 41. A baby grows inside a mother’s ________________: a) vagina b) cervix c) ovary d) uterus 42. Which is the correct list below of organs that are transplanted: a) heart, lungs, liver, pancreas, intestines b) heart, lungs, liver, large intestines, brain c) lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidney, heart d) heart, lungs, pancreas, gallbladder, intestines 43. The first successful organ transplant was with a ____________: a) lung b) heart c) pancreas d) kidney 44. Animals commonly used for cross-species transplants include which of the following: a) pigs b) baboons c) apes d) all of the above 45. Somatic nerves can be described by which of the following statements: a) they are involuntary b) used in motor control c) can be divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic d) all of the above 46. The human skeleton is composed of how many bones? a) 106 b) 110 b) 206 c) 210 47. Which of the following minerals are in bone: a) calcium and phosphorous b) calcium and magnesium c) calcium and zinc d) magnesium and phosphorous 48. Which of the following statements about ligaments is false: a) they connect 2 bones together b) they are strong and tough elastic bands c) they are a type of connective tissue d) they cannot stretch 49. Which of the following is an example of 2 antagonistic muscles: a) diaphragm and rib muscles b) bicep and tricep c) quad and calf d) all of the above 50.Hair-like projections in the trachea that keep out foreign materials are called__________: a) flagellum b) cilia c) villi d) hairus 51. The process used to allow gas exchange in the lungs is called: a) diffusion b) osmosis c) particle theory d) dissociation 52. Which of the following statements in true: a) diaphragm contraction forces air out of the lungs b) diaphragm contraction decreases the size of the chest cavity c) diaphragm relaxation forces air out of the lungs d) diaphragm relaxation is controlled by motor neurons 53. What is the purpose of the skeletal system: a) protect organs b) store minerals c) produce blood cells d) all of the above 54.An egg is released from a female’s fallopian tube approximately every ______ days: a) 20 b)28 c) 24 d) 35 55. The name of the insulation around the nerve axon is called: a) dendrites b) cell bodies c) myelin sheath d) goblet cells True/False - Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false, and then transfer the answers to the scantron provided. True goes under “a” and false goes under “b”. 56. Embryonic stem cells can be found in the bone marrow. ______________ 57. The pancreas is not a part of the digestive tract. ______________ 58. The large intestine is the location of nutrient absorption. ______________ 59. Arteries always carry oxygenated blood. ______________ 60. Goblet cells secrete acid for digestion in the stomach. ______________ 61. The esophagus is a muscular tube that contracts to push the food to the stomach. ______________ 62. The three tissues that make up the heart include connective tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and nerve tissue. ______________ 63. The respiratory system exchanges gases; oxygen is removed from the body and carbon dioxide is provided to the body. ______________ 64. There are 3 different types of muscles in our body, but only one is voluntary. ______________ 65. Dolly the sheep was created through reproductive cloning.______________