Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
History of science in classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek architecture wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek warfare wikipedia , lookup
Regions of ancient Greece wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek literature wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek cuisine wikipedia , lookup
Sperlonga sculptures wikipedia , lookup
Profile of: Pele GROUP RESEARCH PROJECT: THE ODYSSEY English 9B / Mythology Unit Mr. Shimizu May 6 2014 Group Member #1 … Topics 1 and 5 Group Member #2 … Topics 2 and 6 Group Member #3 … Topics 3 and 4 Pele is a major goddess in Hawaiian mythology who shows up in countless stories and whose influence survives to this day. She is known in Hawaiian by many names, one of which is Ka wahine ‘ai honua or “the woman who devours the land” (“Goddess of Fire”). This rather unflattering-sounding name may come from the fact that she is thought to be the goddess of volcanoes. According to one source, she is also the goddess of fire, lightning, and dance (“Goddess of Fire”). Pele is believed to be one of over a dozen daughters of the earth goddess Haumea and the sky god Kane Milohai. According to one legend, she was sent from her home in Tahiti to the Hawaiian Islands because she tried to seduce her sister Namakaokahai’s husband. Several major volcanoes and landforms (Diamond Head on Oahu, Haleakala on Maui) are said to be her creations (“Goddess of Fire”). Halema’uma’u crater at the top of Kilauea is said to be where she makes her home today (USGS.gov). As can be seen in the story of her expulsion from Tahiti, Pele is a goddess with a fiery personality. Several stories exist showcasing her nature to be as volatile as the volcanoes she presides over. In these stories, Pele disguises herself either as a beautiful young woman or a shabbily dressed elderly woman and tests how well others treat her. Those who treat Pele well are rewarded and those who do not are punished with destruction of their property (“Goddess of Fire”). Profile of: Stonehenge The Greek Afterlife Located in southern Britain, Stonehenge is considered by some “the most architecturally sophisticated prehistoric stone circle in the world” (UNESCO). Built in phases over two millennia (3100-1100 B.C.), the site is made up of sandstone and bluestone blocks arranged in concentric circles in an astronomically important location and layout. The use of these two materials (the bluestones come from Wales 124 miles away), plus the extended construction period make it clear Stonehenge was special to Britain’s Neolithic population (UNESCO). Though undeniably special, experts disagree about why Stonehenge was built. Experts who call it a healing center point to medieval stories about the bluestones’ curative powers and modern radiocarbon evidence of sick travelers from as far as Switzerland traveling here after these stones were erected (Jones). Other experts point to the too-accurate-to-becoincidental alignment of Stonehenge in between two recently discovered pits as evidence of the site’s significance to sun worshippers—Why? The layout parallels the sun’s journey across the sky on the summer solstice (Keys). Whatever its original purpose(s), Stonehenge continues to inspire visitors— did the wizard Merlin build the circle? Did aliens land spacecrafts here?—and impress with its age and beauty (Owens). After death, the ancient Greeks believed ... In The Odyssey, for example, … (Book number.Line number/s) … Further support for this comes from _____, who writes that … (citation). … The ancient Greeks divided the underworld into different areas: _________. ______ was where … (citation). … If there is space: One interesting thing about the Greek afterlife is … / One interesting thing about the Greek underworld is … (citation). … Oaths and Hospitality in Ancient Greece The ancient Greeks observed many customs but keeping oaths and practicing xenia were among the most important. Xenia describes … (citation). Xenia was important because … (citation). … The ancient Greeks took oaths seriously because … (citation). The consequences for breaking xenia or oaths were severe. In Book __ of The Odyssey, for instance, breaking [xenia OR an oath] results in … (line number/s). … Likewise, in [name of story/historical example], breaking [xenia OR an oath] results in … (citation). Gender Roles in Ancient Greece In ancient Greece, men and women followed different codes of conduct and were held to different standards. Men, for instance, could … but women could not. This is because … Men in Ancient Greece were expected to … Women in Ancient Greece were expected to … Once a woman married, she was expected to … Works Cited Odysseus vs. Maximus Decimus Meridius Though separated by thousands of years in origin, Odysseus and Maximus Decimus Meridius (the hero of Ridley Scott’s 2000 film Gladiator) are very much alike. Maximus is a commander of men, a battle-hardened general in ancient Rome who is far from his native Spain fighting a war in Germany. Like Odysseus, he spends the entire film trying to reunite with the wife and son he left behind. Also like Odysseus, Maximus must endure enormous suffering and hardship at the hands of powerful characters before he can take his revenge and win the peace he is after. Through their sound judgment Odysseus and Maximus prove themselves to be similarly heroic in character. Both Odysseus and Maximus show sound judgment during their first faceoff with an enemy, delaying vengeance until the right moment. In The Odyssey, Polyphemus murders two of Odysseus’ comrades but this “royal son of Laertes” resists the urge to kill the cyclops once he falls asleep (X.443). Odysseus tells his audience how “if [he] killed him [they] perished there as well,” for none but Polyphemus could free him and his men (V.248-9). Maximus (called “Spaniard” as a gladiator) likewise has the chance to kill Emperor Commodus early on in the film, but he chooses not to attack because it would mean also endangering Commodus’ innocent nephew Lucius. As much as these men have reason to be angry (Commodus arranges the deaths of Maximus’ wife and son), they still remain levelheaded enough to know when to act. Gladiator. Dir. Ridley Scott. Perf. Russell Crowe, Joaquin Phoenix. Dreamworks Pictures, 2000. DVD. Jones, Dan. “New Light on Stonehenge.” Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian, Oct. 2008. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/new-light-onstonehenge-11706891/?page=4&no-ist Keys, David. “Secret History of Stonehenge Revealed.” The Independent. The Independent, 26 Nov. 2011. Web. 7 May 2014. http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/ history/secret-history-of-stonehenge-revealed6268237.html “Kilauea—Perhaps Hawaii’s Most Active Volcano.” Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. U.S. Geological Survey, 7 May 2009. Web. 7 May 2014. http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/ Owens, James. “Scientists Try to Crack Stonehenge’s Prehistoric Puzzles.” National Geographic. The National Geographic Society, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/ archaeology/stonehenge/ “Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites.” UNESCO. World Heritage Centre, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/373 “The Legend Behind Hawaii’s Goddess of Fire.” Robertshawaii.com. Roberts Hawaii, 17 Sept. 2013. Web. 7 May 2014. https://www.robertshawaii.com/ blog/the-legend-behind-hawaii’s-goddess-of-fire.php