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Mythology 1/4 Myth- stories Ology- study or theory Mythology- the study of cultural stories Myths- stories about supernatural beings passed down by word of mouth. Myths explain: Nature (where did the earth come from?) Man (where did man come from?) The gods (How many? What do they do?) Modern references to ancient mythology: Avertising: “Ajax” soap, “Nike” shoes, “Apollo” shuttles Language: “Martial” Mars, “Museum” Muses, “Janitor” Janos. Greek Mythology 1/5 Ancient Greeks valued: -Loyalty -Intelligence -Purity -Glory -Hospitality -Strength -Beauty *Major gods and goddesses inherited these traits* Zeus- King of gods, weather god, keeper of oaths, patron of hospitality. -Married to Hera, goddess of marriage -Father of many. Athena- goddess of wisdom and war, patron of craftsmen. -Daughter of Zeus -Never married Poseidon- god of the sea, god of horses, creator of earthquakes. -Second in strength to his brother, Zeus -Known for his temper and greed. Aphrodite- goddess of love, beauty, and procreation. -born from the sea -mother of many. Egyptian Mythology 1/6 Ancient Egyptians valued: • Respect • Balance • Family • Love • Country • Justice Just like in Greek mythology, these values are shown in their gods. Ra/Re- god of the sun • Had 5 children (including the rain and wind deities) • Was viewed as a creator god. • Was Patron of the Pharaoh. Hathor- goddess of love, beauty, music, and fertility • Daughter of Ra • Her “evil side” is called Sekhmet (goddess of fire and war) • Has the power to bring laughter Ma’at- goddess of law, morality, and justice. • (pronounced muh-aht) • Used her feather of truth to decide the purity of a heart before the journey into the afterlife. • The Chief judges in ancient Egypt were called the priests of Ma’at. • While she only had one temple, she was worshipped in ALL Egyptian temples. Osiris- god of life, death, rebirth, and Nile floods • Was killed by his brother, but brought back to life. He is shown as being green to represent rebirth. • Egyptians viewed him as a gentle, wise king who brought them law and order. • Many images represent him as a mummified pharaoh.