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Review Sheet for Test 1 Anthropology 2351 Chapter 1 1. Anthropos 2. Logos 3. Anthropology definition 4. culture 5. enculturation 6. There are____ different definitions to anthropology 7. In post-modernism a word can be defined so much that it loses its ______. 8. During the Enlightenment period individuals began to reject superstition and religion and view the world through a ________ human centered perspective. 9. The origins of anthropology lie in the Enlightenment fields of _______ and ______. 10. Holism and its relation to anthropology 11. Heider sees anthropologists as_______. 12. General Anthropology 13. The 4 (major) subfields of Anthropology 14. Cultural anthropology definition 15. Ethnography 16. Fieldwork 17. Ethnographic present 18. Ethnology 19. Archaeology originated in ______ 20. Archaeology (Archaeological anthropology) 21. 3 goals of archaeology (pre history) 22. Early archaeologists often ____ sites 23. Material culture or artifacts 24. Midden 25. Biological/Physical Anthropology arose during the _____. 26. Biological/physical anthropology arose from 2 areas 27. Biological Physical Anthropology 28. Descriptive morphology 29. 5 special interests in biological anthropology 30. Linguistic anthropology 31. Descriptive linguistics 32. Comparative linguistics 33. Language both shapes and is shaped by ______. 34. No language is a ________ system. 35. Applied Anthropology 36. Anthropology is _____ linked to other social sciences. 37. Anthropology, despite being a science has ______ links to the humanities. 38. Participant observation 39. Commonalties between sociology and anthropology 40. Differences 1. Traditionally Sociologists studied____________ 2. Traditionally, Anthropologists (Ethnographers) studied__________. 41. Sociologists tend to rely on _______for quantifiable data that is examined using complex statistical methods. 42. Anthropologists tend to rely on ________ and less complex statistical methods. 43. Anthropology and Psychology differences: 1. Psychology tends to focus on its own_____ while anthropology deals with foreign nations. 44. Initially, psychology did not account for_______. 45. Kornblum’s definition of science 46. Kornblum’s definition of hypotheses 47. Kornblum’s definition of the scientific method 48. Theory 49. Correlation 50. Falsification Chapter 2 1. The American Anthropological associations 2 dimensions to anthropology 2. Applied anthropologists are also called __________ anthropologists 3. Applied Archaeology is also called _______ archaeology 4. Applied archaeology 5. Cultural resource management 6. Anthropology combats______ 7. Ethnocentrism 8. 3 different views on applying anthropology and their meanings 9. The 3 proper roles of the anthropologist from the advocacy perspective 10. Bias definition 11. Understand examples of bias (ivory tower etc.) 12. The American Anthropological Association (AAA) code of ethics arose due to 2 reasons ___________ and __________. 13. The AAA code is only a ________, not an ironclad formula, for making decisions. 14. The AAA code can be summarized as the Anthropologist being responsible to the people, species and materials that they study. 15. According to Stephen the _______ is inclusive of the home because of relations between the studier and the studied 16. Gupta and Ferguson note that anthropologists establish their own _____ in terms of the field 17. Stephen’s traditional roles for the anthropologist (11 items) 18. Stephen’s revisionist view (8 items) 19. Colop’s 4 ethical failures of anthropology 20. Nordstrom’s “ethnography of war” ethics (2 issues) 21. “deromanticizing” the revolution 22. During a war both sides often commit atrocities 23. Why do anthropologists describe their perspective in the introduction to some ethnographies? ________ 24. Universalism 25. The arguments for and against Universalism 26. Relativism 27. The arguments for and against Relativism 28. Problems that can arise when changes are instituted in a society are _________ 29. Enculturation takes place through_______ 30. Agents of socialization in early, middle and late years 31. 3 types of socialization 32. Urban Anthropology 33. Urbanization 34. Country and city dwelling good and bad points 35. Subcultural Theory 36. Gans and Fava’s view on the suburbs (con and pro, respectively) 37. Medical Anthropology 38. Disease 39. Illness 40. 3 theories about the causes of illness 41. microenculturation 42. Anthropology is important for business in 3 ways Chapter 3 1. Bernard’s 2 claims about field research 2. Items common to all research projects (5 of them) 3. Heider’s 3 types of fieldwork situations (be able to recognize the advantages and problems with each) 4. “museumization” versus “tribal lands” polemic 5. The ideal research process (4 items) 6. The realistic research process (5 items) 7. Data collection (know diary, field notes, tape recording) 8. The key to good ethnography is to _______ report what is seen in the field 9. Rapport 10. Participant observation 3 roles 11. Stages of participant observation as experienced by the anthropologist (7 items) 12. Sampling 13. Interview schedule 14. Questionnaires/Instruments 15. Directed and open ended interviews 16. Closed and open questions 17. Surveys 18. Unobtrusive data collection 19. Field experiments 20. Passive deception 21. The genealogical method 22. Key Cultural consultants 23. Some individuals or even cultural groups may lie to anthropologist 24. Life histories 25. Emic 26. Etic 27. The “father of Ethnography” 28. Salvage ethnography 29. Ethnographic present 30. Ethnographic realism 31. Interpretive anthropology 32. Reflexive ethnography 33. Longitudinal research 34. Survey research 35. Sample 36. Respondents 37. Random sample 38. Variables 39. Complex societies ANSWER KEY Chap. 1 Many Meaning Secular Culture history, philosophy Generalists 19th century Europe damaged 19th century individual cultures homogeneous closely close the industrial west or large complex nations small scale groups in other nations questionnaires participant observation society culture Chap.2 Practicing Public Ethnocentrism Complex situations for anthropologists, subject to more than one ethical code Framework Field Boundaries To tell what bias the author may have (where they are coming from) Unintended consequences Agents of socialization Chap. 3 Accurately