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Earth Materials Pre/Post Test Name _____________________ Date ______________________ 1. A solid earth material made up of only one substance is called a(n) ________________________. 2. Joe found a rock and wants to figure out what kind it is. Which of the following will help him identify the rock? (Circle one best answer.) A. the size of the rock B. the minerals in the rock C. the weight of the rock D. the smoothness of the rock 3. One property that helps identify crystals is (Circle the best answer.) A. weight B. size C. hardness 4. Mark an X next to each question that could be answered by using tools and observations. (Mark all that apply.) ______ Which mineral is harder, topaz or talc? ______ How many minerals are there in a certain rock? ______ Is calcite a mineral found in sand? 5. How does evaporation help you study rocks? (Circle the best answer.) A. B. C. D. 1.1.a It changes the color of the rock, so it is easy to see the parts. It helps separate parts of the rock. It helps you find the rock’s weight. It helps you scratch a mineral with a paper clip. 142 6. Angela found a pretty stone in the park near school. She wasn’t sure if it was a rock or mineral, so she took it home to try some tests. Below are the observations she wrote in her science notebook. DATE: January 15, 2012 PLACE FOUND: Larkey Park OBSERVATIONS: 1. About the size of my fist 2. Several colors: brown, black, tan, and white pieces stuck together. 3. Black parts were scratched only with a paper clip, and brown parts were scratched by a penny. 4. It weighs 250 g. 5. When I test it with vinegar, only the white parts fizz. D a. Is the stone Angela found a rock or is it a mineral? _______________________ A T b. Write the numbers of all of the observations above that could help you E : decide whether the stone is a rock or a mineral. _________________________ J c. Explain how one of the observations you chose in b (above) helped you ato n decide whether the stone is a rock or a mineral. u a r _________________________________________________________________________________________ y _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 5 _________________________________________________________________________________________ , 1.1.b ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 0 1 2 P L A C E 143 F O 7. Finish the story. Draw a picture and fill in the blanks. Draw a picture here. This is a piece of granite. It spent a long time on the side of a mountain. Over hundreds of thousand of years, rain and wind broke down the rock. Weathering turned the rock into… (What happens after a rock is weathered by wind and rain? What can it become?) 1.1.c 144 8. Finish the story. Draw a picture and fill in the blanks. Draw a picture here. This is a piece of limestone, a sedimentary rock. Over millions of years, it ended up deep in the Earth. Now, it is a piece of shiny, white marble. It became a metamorphic rock. (What process belongs here? How does a sedimentary rock become metamorphic?) See Rock Cycle page. 1.1.d 145 Name __________________________________ Earth Materials Pre/Post Test Date _____________________ 9. Rock Cycle Rocks change. Complete the basic rock cycle. Fill in the ovals. They are materials. Choose from the list. Fill in the numbers. They are the processes. Choose from the list. Materials (ovals): magma and lava, sediment Processes (numbers): heat and pressure, heat (melt), break down/weather, compact and cement, cool 5. _______________ Igneous Rocks 1. __________________ 2. ______________________ 4. _________________________ Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Rocks 3. _____________________ 1.1.e 146 Earth Materials Pre/Post Test KEY 1. A solid earth material made up of only one substance is called a(n) ____mineral____________________. Code 2 = writes mineral Code 1 = writes any other answer Code 0 = makes no attempt 2. Joe found a rock and wants to figure out what kind it is. Which of the following will help him identify the rock? (Circle one best answer.) A. the size of the rock B. the minerals in the rock C. the weight of the rock D. the smoothness of the rock Code 2 = Circles B Code 1 = Circles A, C, D, or more than one answer Code 0 = makes no attempt 3. One property that helps identify crystals is (Circle the best answer.) A. weight B. size C. hardness Code 2 = Circles C Code 1 = Circles A or B or more than one answer Code 0 = makes no attempt 4. Mark an X next to each question that could be answered by using tools and observations. (Mark all that apply.) __X___ Which mineral is harder, topaz or talc? __X___ How many minerals are there in a certain rock? 1.1.f 147 ___X__ Is calcite a mineral found in sand? Code 3 = marks all 3 with an X Code 2 = marks any two with an X Code 1 = makes one answer Code 0 = makes no attempt 5. How does evaporation help you study rocks? (Circle the best answer.) A. B. C. D. It changes the color of the rock, so it is easy to see the parts. It helps separate parts of the rock. It helps you find the rock’s weight. It helps you scratch a mineral with a paper clip. Code 2 = Circles B Code 1 = Circles A, C, or D, or more than one answer Code 0 = makes no attempt 6. Angela found a pretty stone in the park near school. She wasn’t sure if it was a rock or mineral, so she took it home to try some tests. Below are the observations she wrote in her science notebook. DATE: January 15, 2012 PLACE FOUND: Larkey Park OBSERVATIONS: 1. About the size of my fist 2. Several colors: brown, black, tan, and white pieces stuck together. 3. Black parts were scratched only with a paper clip, and brown parts were scratched by a penny. 4. It weighs 250 g. 5. When I test it with vinegar, only the white parts fizz. D a. Is the stone Angela found a rock or is it a mineral? ____rock_______________A T E Code 3 = writes rock : There is no “2.” Code 1 = provides any other answer Code 0 = makes no attempt 1.1.g J a n u a r y 148 b. Write the numbers of all of the observations above that could help you decide whether the stone is a rock or a mineral. ________2, 3, 5___________ Code 3 = answers 2, 3, or 5 Code 2 = list only one or two of the observations and not 1 or 4 Code 1 = provides any other answer Code 0 = makes no attempt c. Explain how one of the observations you chose in b (above) helped you to decide whether the stone is a rock or a mineral. ______Answers include idea that different colors, different hardnesses, or only some parts react to vinegar indicate that ___________ different minerals make up a rock.__________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Code 3 = explains how observation indicates more than one material is present Code 2 = gives vague or incomplete explanation Code 1 = gives wrong or no explanation Code 0 = makes no attempt Go to next page. 1.1.h 149 7. Finish the story. Draw a picture and fill in the blanks. Draw a picture here. This is a piece of granite. It spent a long time on the side of a mountain. Over hundreds of thousand of years, rain and wind broke down the rock. Weathering turned the rock into… (What happens after a rock is weathered by wind and rain? What can it become?) Code 2 = Drawing should be of sediment. Students should state rock becomes sediment. It is okay if students mention that the sediment eventually becomes sedimentary rock. Code 1 = answers one part, drawing or written answer Code 0 = makes no attemp 1.1.i 150 8. Finish the story. Draw a picture and fill in the blanks. Draw a picture here. This is a piece of limestone, a sedimentary rock. Over millions of years, it ended up deep in the Earth. _____________________________ (What process belongs here? How does a sedimentary rock become metamorphic?) Now, it is a piece of shiny, white marble. It became a metamorphic rock. Code 2 = Drawing that indicates heat and pressure; writing indicates rock undergoes heat and pressure Code 1 = Correct drawing or written answer Code 0 = makes no attempt See Rock Cycle page for last part of test. 1.1.j 151 Answer Key Rock Cycle Rocks change. Complete the basic rock cycle. Fill in the ovals. They are materials. Choose from the list. Fill in the numbers. They are the processes. Choose from the list. Materials (ovals): magma and lava, sediment Processes (numbers): heat and pressure, heat (melt), break down/weather, compact and cement, cool 5. ___cools______ Igneous Rocks Magma and lava 1. break down/weather sediment 2. compact and cement 4. ___heat_(melts)_______ Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rock 3. heat and pressure 1.1.k Code 4 = All parts labeled correctly, shows understanding of what processes form different rocks Code 3 = Most of the parts are labeled correctly Code 2 = Half of the cycle is labeled correctly Code 1 = Few parts are labeled correctly Code 0 = Makes no attempt 152 Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 1: Mock Rocks Date Entry Glossary 1.2.a Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 1: Mock Rocks Page No. Date Entry Page No. Glossary 153 Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 2: Mineral Tests Date Entry Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 2: Mineral Tests Page No. Date 1.2.b Entry Page No. 154 Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 3: The Rock Cycle Date 1.2.c Entry Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 3: The Rock Cycle Page No. Date Entry Page No. 155 Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 1: Mock Rocks Date 1.2.d Entry Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 1: Mock Rocks Page No. Date Entry Glossary Glossary Is it a rock? Is it a rock? Mock rock observations Mock rock observations Glossary Glossary Taking mock rocks apart Taking mock rocks apart Mock rocks response sheet Mock rocks response sheet Glossary Glossary Evaporating mock rock water Evaporating mock rock water Postcards Postcards Box & t mock rock materials Box and t mock rock materials Glossary Glossary Page No. 156 Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 2: Mineral Tests Date 1.2.e Entry Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 2: Mineral Tests Page No. Date Entry Mineral observations Mineral observations Scratch test Scratch test Glossary Glossary Detecting calcite test, part 1 Detecting calcite test, part 1 Detecting calcite test, part 2 Detecting calcite test, part 2 Glossary Glossary Mining for minerals, 3-2-1 Mining for minerals, 3-2-1 Birthstones graph Birthstones graph Page No. 157 Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 3: The Rock Cycle Date 1.2.f Entry Earth Materials Table of Contents Investigation 3: The Rock Cycle Page No. Date Entry Making sedimentary rocks Making sedimentary rocks Comparing sedimentary rocks Comparing sedimentary rocks Glossary Glossary Observing sedimentary wax rock Observing sedimentary wax rock Rock cycle chart Rock cycle chart Comparing metamorphic rocks Comparing metamorphic rocks Glossary Glossary Comparing igneous rocks Comparing igneous rocks Glossary Glossary Anticipation guide Anticipation guide Page No. 158 Earth Materials Draw a picture: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Copy the word: 1.2.g Draw a picture: Copy the word: 159 Earth Materials Glossary Glossary Draw a picture: Draw a picture: Earth materials property Copy the word: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Draw a picture: geology circumference Copy the word: Copy the word: Draw a picture: 1.2.h Draw a picture: geologist diameter Copy the word: Copy the word: 160 Earth Materials Draw a picture: Draw a picture: depth postcard Copy the word: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Draw a picture: rock crystal Copy the word: Copy the word: Draw a picture: 1.2.i Draw a picture: mineral evaporate Copy the word: Copy the word: 161 Earth Materials Draw a picture: Draw a picture: hardness sedimentary rock Copy the word: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Draw a picture: evidence deposit Copy the word: Copy the word: Draw a picture: 1.2.j Draw a picture: sediments metamorphic rock Copy the word: Copy the word: 162 Earth Materials Draw a picture: Draw a picture: igneous rock Copy the word: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Draw a picture: magma Copy the word: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Draw a picture: lava Copy the word: 1.2.k Copy the word: 163 Earth Materials Draw a picture: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Copy the word: Draw a picture: Copy the word: 1.2.l Draw a picture: Copy the word: 164 Is it a rock? 1.3.a Is it a rock? Mark an X in the “Yes” box if you think it’s a rock. Mark an X in the “No” box if you don’t think it’s a rock. Mark an X in the “Yes” box if you think it’s a rock. Mark an X in the “No” box if you don’t think it’s a rock. Object Object Picture YES NO Limestone Limestone Glass Glass Brick Brick Granite Granite Cement block Cement block Dried mud Dried mud Picture YES NO 165 Inv.1.3 Focus Question EM 1.3.b What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? What properties can help us tell one rock from another? 166 MOCK ROCKS 1 MOCK ROCKS 1 Draw or trace your mock rock. Draw or trace your mock rock. Observations Observations Magnified view of your rock 1.3.c FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. Magnified view of your rock FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 167 MOCK ROCKS 2 MOCK ROCKS 2 Mock Rock Measurements Dimensions Mock Rock Measurements Dimensions 1. Diameter____________________________________________________________ 1. Diameter____________________________________________________________ Tool used_ __________________________________________________________ Tool used_ __________________________________________________________ 2. Circumference_______________________________________________________ 2. Circumference_______________________________________________________ Tool used_ __________________________________________________________ Tool used_ __________________________________________________________ 3. Depth_ _____________________________________________________________ 3. Depth_ _____________________________________________________________ Tool used_ __________________________________________________________ Tool used_ __________________________________________________________ 4. Other measurements FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 1.3.d 4. Other measurements FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 168 1.4 Focus Question 1.4.a How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? How can the materials in a rock be separated? 169 Mock Rocks 3 1.4.b Date ___________________ Mock Rocks 3 Date ___________________ What was observed when the rock was taken apart. What was observed when the rock was taken apart. Evidence that the mock rocks contain these “minerals.” Evidence that the mock rocks contain these “minerals.” 170 MOCK ROCKS 4 MOCK ROCKS 4 Rocks in Water Rocks in Water Observations after shaking Observations after shaking Date:__________________ Date:__________________ Observations after settling Observations after settling Date: _________________ t Date: _________________ FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 1.4.c FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 171 Response Sheet Response Sheet Mock Rocks Mock Rocks A student wrote in her journal, “A rock is like a chocolate chip cookie.” What do you think she meant when she wrote that sentence? A student wrote in her journal, “A rock is like a chocolate chip cookie.” What do you think she meant when she wrote that sentence? FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 1.4.d FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 172 What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? What happens when the mock rock What happens when the mock rock water evaporates? water evaporates? 1.5.a.a 173 Dear Aunt Rita, Your name and address here Draw picture here 1.5.b 174 MOCK ROCKS 5 MOCK ROCKS 5 Evaporating Dish Evaporating Dish Draw what you see in your evaporating dish. Draw what you see in your evaporating dish. Explain what you see and how it got there. Explain what you see and how it got there. FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 1.5.c.a FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 175 CRYSTAL IDENTIFICATION KEY CRYSTAL IDENTIFICATION KEY EPSOM SALT SODIUM THIOSULFATE EPSOM SALT SODIUM THIOSULFATE KOSHER SALT SEA SALT KOSHER SALT SEA SALT ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ CITRIC ACID FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 1.5.c.b ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ALUM ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ ✼ CITRIC ACID FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. ALUM 176 Earth Materials Investigation 2.1 What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? What is the hardness of each of our What is the hardness of each of our mineral samples? mineral samples? 2.1.a 177 Earth Materials Investigation 2 Mineral Properties 2.1.b Earth Materials Investigation 2 Mineral Properties Mineral #1 Mineral #2 Mineral #1 Mineral #2 Mineral #3 Mineral #4 Mineral #3 Mineral #4 178 Earth Materials Investigation 2.1b Scratch Test Earth Materials Investigation 2.1b Scratch Test Hardness Hardness 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 List the minerals from softest to hardest. List the minerals from softest to hardest. ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ 2.1.c Paper clip Penny Name of mineral Thumbnail Hardness Mineral # Paper clip Which tool scratches the mineral? Penny Name of mineral Thumbnail Hardness Mineral # Which tool scratches the mineral? 179 SCRATCH TEST ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ MINERAL IDENTIFICATION SHEET #1 #3 2.1.d FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. #2 #4 180 Investigation 2.1 Earth Materials Scratch Test Directions 2.1.e 1. Place the mineral on the table. 2. Hold it steady with one hand. 3. Try to make a scratch on it with a testing tool. 4. Brush off any dust. 5. Observe the mineral with your hand lens. 6. If there is a scratch and it doesn’t rub off, you have found the mineral’s hardness. 181 Moh’s Scale of Hardness Talc 1 Gypsum 2 Calcite 3 Fluorite 4 Apatite 5 Orthoclase 6 Quartz 7 Topaz 8 Corundum 9 Diamond 10 Hardness is the “scratchability” of a mineral. Geologists use a numerical scale called Moh’s scale to help identify and rank minerals according to their hardness. The scale was developed in 1812 and is still used today. Just remember that as your students “scratch” their mineral samples, scratches cannot be rubbed off the mineral’s surface. A true scratch is a permanent mark. 2.1.f 182 Moh’s Scale of Hardness Talc Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Orthoclase Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond 2.1.g 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 183 2.2.a.a Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which of rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? Which rock samples contain calcite? 184 CALCITE QUEST 1 CALCITE QUEST 1 Properties Properties Basalt Limestone Basalt Limestone Marble Sandstone Marble Sandstone FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 2.2.a.b FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 185 CALCITE QUEST 3 CALCITE QUEST 3 Evaporation Results Evaporation Results Calcite Calcite Vinegar Vinegar ❏ Basalt ❏ Limestone ❏ Basalt ❏ Limestone ❏ Marble ❏ Sandstone ❏ Marble ❏ Sandstone Put a check (√) in the box next to the rocks that you are sure contain calcite. FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 2.2.b.a Put a check (√) in the box next to the rocks that you are sure contain calcite. FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California Can be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 186 CALCITE QUEST ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ROCK IDENTIFICATION SHEET BASALT LIMESTONE MARBLE SANDSTONE FOSS Earth Materials Module © The Regents of the University of California 2.2.b.bCan be duplicated for classroom or workshop use. 187 Test Investigation 2: Scratch No. 16—Teacher Sheet Colorado History Museum – Limestone 2.2.b.c 188 Sandstone House Denver 2.2.b.d 189 University of Colorado – Sandstone and Limestone 2.2.b.e 190 Lincoln Memorial – Colorado Marble 2.2.b.f 191 Earth Materials Inv.2.3a Mining for Minerals 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 2.3.a.a 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 3-2-1 Strategy 3 things I learned 2 things I already knew 1 question I have 192 2.3.b.a Turquoise/December Topaz /November Opal/October Sapphire/September Peridot/August Ruby/July Alexandrite/June Emerald/ May Diamond/ April Aquamarine/March Amethyst/February Garnet/January Turquoise/December Topaz /November Opal/October Sapphire/September Peridot/August Ruby/July Alexandrite/June Emerald/ May Diamond/ April Aquamarine/March Amethyst/February Garnet/January Number of birthdays Number of birthdays Birthday Bar Graph Birthday Bar Graph 193 Earth Materials Investigation 3.1a, b Focus Question 3.1.a.a How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? How does sediment form a rock? 194 Earth Materials Investigation 3.1a Investigation 3.1a Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Similar Different Similar Different Earth Materials 3.1.a.b 195 The Rock Cycle 3.1.b.a 196 The Rock Cycle Key Cools Igneous Rock Breaks down Magma/Lava Sediments Heat melts rock Compact & cement Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Rock Heat and pressure 3.1.b.b 197 Inv.3.1c 3.1.c.a Earth Materials Rock of Ages Earth Materials Rock of Ages • Choose two memorials to compare and contrast. • Write their names at the top of each column. • Find the information for each memorial to compare listed in the middle column. • Choose two memorials to compare and contrast. • Write their names at the top of each column. • Find the information for each memorial to compare listed in the middle column. Compare Compare Earth material(s) used Earth material(s) used Purpose of memorial Purpose of memorial When it was built When it was built Time it took to build memorial Time it took to build memorial 198 Earth Materials Investigation 3.2 3.2.a How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? How is a metamorphic rock formed? 199 Earth Materials Investigation 3.2 Investigation 3.2 Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Similar Different Similar Different Earth Materials 3.2.b 200 Earth Materials Investigation 3.3a 3.3.a.a How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? How is igneous rock formed? 201 Earth Materials Investigation 3.3 Investigation 3.3 Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks Similar Different Similar Different Earth Materials 3.3.a.b 202 Earth Materials Where Do Rocks Come From? Anticipation Guide Before Reading 3.3.b.a Statement Earth Materials Where Do Rocks Come From? Anticipation Guide After Reading Before Reading Statement 1. There are three big groups of rocks: singletary, igneous, and metamorphic. 1. There are three big groups of rocks: singletary, igneous, and metamorphic. 2. Igneous rocks can have crystals or be glassy. 2. Igneous rocks can have crystals or be glassy. 3. Rocks can crack and break down in to smaller pieces in a process called weathering. 3. Rocks can crack and break down in to smaller pieces in a process called weathering. 4. Sedimentary rocks often have bits of sand and gravel that you can see. 4. Sedimentary rocks often have bits of sand and gravel that you can see. 5. Heat is what changes rocks into metamorphic rocks. 5. Heat is what changes rocks into metamorphic rocks. After Reading 203