Download Español 1:Apuntes de 1-2

Realidades 1:Apuntes
de 1B
NOUNS (sustantivos) in
Spanish.
p. 55-62
 have masculine or feminine gender
(you have to know; memorize with
each noun)
 gender is indicated by an article;
definite or indefinite
(el,la,los,las/un, una,unos,unas)
 are singular when the identify one
(1) item
 are plural when they identify more
than one (1) item
Definite Articles p.60
and
Indefinite Articles p.60
gender clues and rules
I call it the 97% rule.
 in Spanish the article must match
the noun it accompanies in gender
and number
the
el=masculine singular
(a, an, some)
(un)
la=feminine singular
(una)
los=masculine plural
(unos)
las=feminine plural
(unas)
 most masculine nouns end in –o;
most feminine nouns end in –a
 some exceptions include:
el mapa is masculine, but ends in a
la mano is feminine, but ends in o
 In Spanish usually follow
the noun
Adjectives in Spanish
Realidades 1B p.55
_____________________ _____________________________
4 forms
 Masc. adjectives usually
end in –o; fem. Adjectives
usually end in –a
guapo (m.)
guapa (f.)
_____________________ _____________________________
2 forms
 Other adjectives end in –e
and match both genders
paciente (f./m.) pacientes (pl.)
_____________________ _____________________________
2 forms
 Still other adjectives end
in consonants and also
match both genders
fenomenal
fenomenales
_____________________ _____________________________
 Some adjectives add an
4 forms
–a to become feminine
el chico trabajador
la chica trabajadora
Realidades 1
Subject Pronouns
Are used to identify people &
work with verbs. The subject
pronoun and the verb have to
agree. You can’t say or use,
<<yo eres>> because you’d be
saying, “I is”.
Subject pronouns in español
and what they mean in
English.
Yo- I
Tú- you (familiar)
Usted- you (formal…w/an
adult)
Él- he
Ella- she
Nosotros(as)- we
Vosotros(as)- y’all, you all, you
plural
Ellos- they (a group of boys &
girls or all boys)
Ellas- they (a group of all girls)
Ustedes- you plural, to talk to a
group of people
SER- to be
is used to talk about or describe
people’s origin (where they are
from), characteristics (what they
are like; nice, tall, short,
intelligent, etc. and occupations
(what they do, including being a
student, friend, or space
cowboy.
--¿De dónde eres?
--Yo soy de Chile.
Forms of the verb SER
Yo SOY (I am)
Tú ERES (you are)
Usted/Él/Ella ES (you are/he
is/she is)
Nosotros(as) SOMOS (we are)
Vosotros(as) SOIS (y’all are)
Ustedes/Ellos/Ellas SON (you
are/they are)
SER to express origin
SER (conjugated) + DE + PLACE
is how you say where someone
is from.
ejemplo:
Yo soy de los Estados Unidos.
I am from the United States.
Tú eres de España.
You are from Spain.
Memorize these charts!
SUBJECT PRONOUNS:
Yo
I
Nosotros
Nosotras
Tú
You (familiar) Vosotros y’all (m./m.&f.)
Vosotras y’all (all f.)
Él
Ella
Usted
He
She
You (formal)
Ellos
Ellas
Ustedes
we (m./m.&f.)
we (all f.)
They (m./m.&f.)
They (all f.)
You plural
“you guys”
Ser- to be (origin, employment, characteristics)
Yo
SOY
Tú
ERES
Él
Ella
Usted
ES
Nosotros
Nosotras
Vosotros
Vosotras
Ellos
Ellas
Ustedes
SOMOS
SOIS
SON
Preguntas y respuestas con SER:
¿De dónde eres?
Yo soy de ___(place)___.
¿De dónde es _name_?
Name es de ___(place)___.
¿Cómo eres?
Yo soy __adjective__.
¿Cómo es __name__?
__name__ es __adjective__.