* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ch. 11 Notes Packet
Muslim world wikipedia , lookup
The Jewel of Medina wikipedia , lookup
LGBT in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Sources of sharia wikipedia , lookup
Satanic Verses wikipedia , lookup
History of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Islamism wikipedia , lookup
International reactions to Fitna wikipedia , lookup
Political aspects of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and secularism wikipedia , lookup
Islamic–Jewish relations wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Somalia wikipedia , lookup
Islam in the United Kingdom wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Mormonism wikipedia , lookup
Origin of Shia Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and violence wikipedia , lookup
Morality in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam in South Africa wikipedia , lookup
Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Spread of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Sikhism wikipedia , lookup
Islam and modernity wikipedia , lookup
War against Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam and war wikipedia , lookup
Schools of Islamic theology wikipedia , lookup
Hindu–Islamic relations wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Europe wikipedia , lookup
Islamic culture wikipedia , lookup
Name:______________________ World History: Islam Notes Packet: Ch. 11 Section 11.1: The Rise of Islam Arabia: Its Geography and People ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Most of the Arabian Peninsula is desert, where Arab nomadic herders (Bedouins) of sheep and camels The leader of a Bedouins was called a sheikh, who was given that title to honor in the eyes of his tribe The city of Mecca became a trade center The Prophet Muhammad Born in Mecca to a poor clan ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ At the age of 40, Muhammad declared that the angel Gabriel called him to be a prophet for Allah (God) and revealed verses to him to recite ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Every year, Arabs came to Mecca to worship at the Kaaba, a stone building filled with idols to worship ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ He leaves Mecca for a more accepting place 622 AD: Muhammad settles in Yathrib The journey of him from Mecca to Yathrib is known as the hijrah (journey) ______________________________________________________ In Medina, Muhammad amassed many followers and soon went to war with Mecca and took it in 630 AD ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Through force and violence, wise policies, and tolerance, Muhammad converted many Bedouins to Islam By 632 AD, the year Muhammad died, Islam was spreading and fast and in a few years spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa The Faith of Islam There is one God, Allah ______________________________________________________ Followers of Islam are Muslims ______________________________________________________ The collected verses revealed to Muhammad by Gabriel Name:______________________ World History: Islam Notes Packet: Ch. 11 The Five Pillars of Islam Profession of faith ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Five daily prayers Ritual washing followed by prayers in the direction of Mecca Paying zakat ________________________________________________ Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan Muslims eat and drink nothing from dawn to sunset Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your life, if possible Islam teachings Muslims to be tolerant, not eat pork, not to drink, and live humble lives Jihad (struggle to defend the faith) ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ The Koran is written in Arabic, which made the language the dominate language in the major areas Islam stretched into ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Women have their own section or must worship at home Friday is the Muslim day of worship Section 11.2: The Spread of Islam Expansion under Abu Bakr & Umar Muhammad’s followers chose Abu Baker to be his successor and gave him the title caliph (successor to the prophet) In 634 AD, ‘Umar became the next caliph He conquered the old Persian Empire and Iraq in the name of Allah ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ The Muslims did not require all they conquered to convert to Islam, but those who did not had to pay a tax __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ In 711 AD, Muslims conquered Southern and Central Spain The Islamic Community Divides Disagreements on who should be caliph caused a split in Islam ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Name:______________________ World History: Islam Notes Packet: Ch. 11 Muslims that accepted the decedents of Ali as the true heirs to be caliph became Shi’ah Muslims Only 10% of all Muslims are Shi’ah ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Empire continues to Spread The Moors A North African Muslim general Tariq, who conquered Spain, he and his settlers in Spain become the Moors ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Turks Tough, nomadic people from central Asia, who in the late 900s converted to Islam ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ By the Early 1200s AD, the Turks ruled most of the Muslim Empire and parts of India Christian advances in the West and Mongols strikes in the East halted Turkish expansion Section 11.3: Islamic Civilization A culture of Traders Arabs were traders before Islam and the Muslim Empire was located at the center of world trade where Europe, Africa, and Asia all met ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Muslim regions became centers for learning and the discoveries made in the Middle East were carried by traders to the rest of the world Government and Society The Muslim Empire was broken up into three areas (caliphates) with capitals in Bagdad, Cairo, and Cordoba ruled by separate caliphs All laws were based on the Qur'an; there was no separation of religion and government ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ No free Muslim could be a slave Name:______________________ World History: Islam Notes Packet: Ch. 11 The family was at the core of Muslim Society ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Respect for elders was imbedded in Muslim culture Parents arranged marriages, but the Qur’an gave women the right to refuse an arrangement ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Muslim men could have up to four wives according to the Qur’an and had to treat each well If a women divorced, the Qur’an gave her the right to keep her money and to remarry ________________________________________________ Education was supported by the government At the mosque, religious studies took place ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Sciences Medicine Some of the early Muslim work in the development & preparation of pharmaceutical drugs is still in use today ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Muslim doctors in Baghdad had to pass examinations ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Al-Razi: was a Muslim doctor that wrote down ways to describe small pox and measles and he created a medical encyclopedia used in the rest of the world for centuries Geography Muslims studied the maps of the Greeks and then began improving them al-Idrisi sent his people to other countries to ask the people their to draw maps of the area ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Muslims used the Greek, astrolabe, which used the positions of the stars to calculate a person or ships’ location on Earth ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Name:______________________ World History: Islam Notes Packet: Ch. 11 Mathematics In the 800s AD: Muslim introduced a number system from India that used zero and expressed any number by using only 10 figures ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Muslims got the concept of decimals from the Indians and AlKhwarizmi used this concept to write a book that would be used to develop Algebra ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ The Arts ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Architecture was the greatest form for Islamic Art Mosques, palaces, and libraries were designed to glorify Islam The mosque at Cordoba, Spain built in 988 AD was a an example of sophisticated Muslim architecture ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Often a tower (minaret) was attached to the mosque, where a crier called Muslims to worship five times a day The caliphs were great patrons for the arts with some writers living at the caliph’s court ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Stories such as Aladdin, Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves, and Sinbad the Sailor are found in the book and remain some of the most widely read stories in history