Download 2006 MCAS Sample Student Work and Scoring

2005 MCAS High School Biology
Question 8: Biology
The box below shows a list of supplies that are available in a laboratory.
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four flasks with stoppers
floodlight
tap water
graduated cylinders
small aquarium plants
four small fish
bromthymol blue (a chemical indicator that changes color from blue to yellow as the level of
carbon dioxide in a solution increases)
The class sets up an experiment with the four flasks as shown.
Flask 1: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue, plant
Flask 2: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue, 2 small fish
Flask 3: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue, 2 small fish, plant
Flask 4: 100 mL water, 1 mL bromthymol blue
Flask 1
Flask 2
Flask 3
Flask 4
All four flasks are stoppered and placed under the floodlight.
a. What color would the solution in each flask be after a few hours?
b. Explain how the processes that have occurred in each flask result in the observed color of the
bromthymol blue solutions.
Scoring Guide and Sample Student Work
Select a score point in the table below to view the sample student
response
Score
Description
4
The response demonstrates the student's thorough understanding of the relationship
between photosynthesis and respiration. Response includes accurate prediction of expected
results and explanations, including the processes of photosynthesis and respiration in the
appropriate flasks.
3
The response demonstrates the student's general understanding of the relationship between
photosynthesis and respiration. Response includes accurate prediction of expected results
and partially correct explanations.
OR
Response includes accurate prediction of expected results and three of the four
explanations are correct.
OR
Response includes accurate prediction of three results and four correct explanations.
2
The response demonstrates the student's simple understanding of the relationship between
photosynthesis and respiration. Response includes accurate predictions of expected results
but two or more incorrect explanations.
OR
Response includes accurate predictions of two or three results with correct explanations,
but incorrectly predicts or explains other results.
1
The response demonstrates the student's minimal understanding of the relationship
between photosynthesis and respiration. Response includes accurate predictions of two or
three results with no explanation or incorrect explanation. The response must indicate at
least one change from the initial conditions.
OR
Response includes one correct prediction and explanation.
0
Response is incorrect or contains some correct work that is irrelevant to the skill or concept
being measured.
18.
a. Glycine, Serine Arginine
b. Glycine, Tryptophan, Serine
c.
Original:
GGT TCG
(Gly) (Ser)
AGA
(Arg)
Glycine Options: GGT, GGA, GGC, GGG
Serine Options: TCG, AGT, TCT
Arginine Options: AGA, AGG
d. A mutation can change the DNA but not always change the amino acid
sequence because there is sometimes more than one DNA codon that codes for a
specific amino acid.
Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System
2006 MCAS Sample Student Work and Scoring
Guides
High School Biology
Question 11: Biology
Question 25: Biology
Question 26: Biology
Question 32: Biology
Question 39: Biology
Name: _______________________________________ Date: ___________ Class: ___
BODY SYSTEMS (MUSCULAR, RESPIRATORY, CIRCULATORY) OPEN
RESPONSE QUESTION:
*We have not yet studied the muscular system. However, you can still answer the question
below with 100% accuracy using what you know about cells in general.
Mitochondria require oxygen to carry out cellular respiration to make energy for the body in
the form of ATP. The respiratory, circulatory, and muscular systems interact to provide the
mitochondria with this required oxygen.
Describe how these three systems interact to provide mitochondria in a thigh muscle cell
with the necessary oxygen for ATP production. Be sure to discuss all three systems in your
response. You may include a diagram with your response.
The respiratory system allows a person to breathe in air through
their nose and mouth and transport it to the alveoli in the lungs. The
alveoli are surrounded by tiny blood vessels called capillaries.
Oxygen from the air in the alveoli diffuses into the capillaries
where it is in lower concentration. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of
the capillaries to the alveoli in the lungs where it is in lower
concentration. This carbon dioxide will be expelled from the body
during exhalation. The capillaries surrounding the alveoli carry the
now oxygen-rich blood towards the heart so that it can be pumped
out to the rest of the body through the aorta. The blood travels
through a series of arteries, then smaller arteries called arterioles,
and eventually travels to a cell through even smaller blood vessels
called capillaries. The walls of capillaries are in very close contact
with body cells and are only one cell thick to enable quick diffusion
of molecules. This is where the transfer of oxygen to the thigh
muscle cell happens. The oxygen diffuses from where it is in high
concentration (blood) to low concentration (thigh muscle cell). The
mitochondria in the thigh muscle cell uses this oxygen to make
energy to allow the cell to do work. In the process called cellular
respiration, the mitochondria uses one glucose molecule (C6H12O6)
and six oxygen molecules (6O2) to make one molecule of ATP
(energy), six carbon dioxide molecules (6CO2) and six water
molecules (6H2O). The cell then uses this energy, in the form of
ATP for cell processes.