Download ECOLOGY PART A: What is ecology? Write the term that best

CRCT Review Packet
Name _____________________________________
ECOLOGY
PART A: What is ecology?
Write the term that best completes each statement in the space provided.
1. The study of the relationship between living things and their environments is _____________________.
2. Everything that surrounds a living thing and acts upon it is its ___________________________________
3. Plants use sunlight, water, minerals and carbon dioxide to grow and make _____________ for energy.
4. Omnivores are animals that eat _____________________________.
5. Water and soil are considered _______________ factors.
6. Plants and animals are considered ______________ factors.
7. Herbivores eat _________________________.
8. Carnivores eat _________________________.
PART B: What is an ecosystem?
Circle the term that best completes each statement.
1. All the populations that live in a certain place and can interact with one another make up
(a community / an ecosystem).
2. A group of the same kind of organisms living in a certain place is a (population / community).
3. A group of communities interacting with one another and the nonliving things in an environment make
up an (ecology / ecosystem).
4. A lake or river can be (an ecosystem / a community).
5. When organisms die, their bodies (produce energy / decompose).
6. (Living / Nonliving) parts of an environment include water, air, and soil.
7. The (sun / air) is the source of energy in most ecosystems.
8. Energy is transferred from the Sun to (plants / animals) that make their own food.
9. The materials needed by organisms in an ecosystem are (recycled / wasted).
10. An ecosystem is a (self-supporting / unsupported) unit.
PART D: What are biomes?
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the
statement true.
____________________ 1. A biome that has permanently frozen soil is the desert.
____________________ 2. A large region of Earth with particular plant and animal communities is called
a taiga.
____________________ 3. The average weather in an area over a long period of time is the area’s
climate.
____________________ 4. The biome, which is made up largely of trees that shed their leaves in the fall,
is the coniferous forest biome.
____________________ 5. Evergreen trees are a feature of the coniferous forest biome.
____________________ 6. The tropical rain forests are located in regions near the equator.
____________________ 7. A biome that has hot-to-moderate temperatures and very little rainfall is the
tropical rain forest biome.
____________________ 8. Large herds of animals often are found grazing in deserts.
PART E: What are producers and consumers?
Match each term in Column B with its description in Column A. Write the letter of the correct term in the
space provided
Column A
Column B
______ 1. organism that makes its own food
a. producer
______ 2. animal that eats dead organisms
b. secondary consumer
______ 3. animal that eats plant-eating animals
c. decomposer
______ 4. organism that breaks down the wastes
d. tertiary consumer
or remains of other organisms
e. scavenger
______ 5. animal that eats meat-eating animals
f. algae and phytoplankton
______ 6. main producers in lakes and oceans
g. omnivore
______ 7. consumer that eats only plants
h. herbivore
______ 8. consumer that eats only animals
i. carnivore
______ 9. consumer that eats both plants and
animals
PART F: What are food chains and food webs?
Answer the following questions about the diagram.
1. What is the diagram called? _______________________________
Hawk
Snake
Owl
Fox
Robin
Rabbit
Mouse
Grasshopper
Grass
2. What does the diagram show? _____________________________________________________________
3. Which organisms in the diagram are primary consumers? _______________________________________
4. Which organisms in the diagram are tertiary consumers? _______________________________________
5. Which organism is the producer? ___________________________________________________________
Complete the following.
1. What is always the first link in a food chain? __________________________________________________
2. What is the limit of links that most food chains have? __________________________________________
3. Why is there less energy available at the last link than at the first link in a food chain? _______________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. What do the arrows in a food chain show? ____________________________________________________
PART G: What are energy pyramids?
Write the term that best completes each statement in the space provided.
1. In each link of a food chain, approximately ________________________________ of the energy in the
food chain is transferred to the next level.
2. A diagram that shows how energy moves through a food chain is called an ____________________.
3. All of the energy in an energy pyramid comes from the _______________________________________.
4. In an ecosystem, there are far more producers than there are __________________________________.
5. At the top of the energy pyramid, the consumers are called ___________________________________.
6. Fewer organisms can be supported at each level because there is less ___________________________.
In the space provided, draw an energy pyramid that includes the organisms listed in the box. Identify each
kind of organism as a producer, a primary consumer, a secondary consumer, or a tertiary consumer.
ORGANISMS
algae
seagull
clam
fish
PART H: How do living things interact?
Circle the term that best completes each statement.
1. Resources in an ecosystem are (abundant / limited).
2. (Predation / Competition) is the struggle among organisms for resources in an ecosystem.
3. In competition, animals that are better adapted to conditions in the habitat are (more / less) likely to
survive and reproduce.
4. Competition among plants is (less / more) active than competition among animals.
5. A relationship in which an organism kills and eats another organism is called (competition /
predation).
6. An organism that kills and eats another organism is called (a predator / prey).
7. (Symbiosis / Competition) is a close relationship between two organisms from different species that
may help or harm one of the organisms.
8. Prey species (can / cannot) benefit from predation.
9. Predators are (less / more) likely to catch, kill, and eat weak or unhealthy animals than strong, healthy
ones.
10. An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism is called (a predator / prey).
PART I: What are symbiotic relationships?
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the
statement true.
_____________________ 1. Mutualism is a close relationship between two organisms that may help or
harm them.
_____________________ 2. There are three types of symbiotic relationships.
_____________________ 3. Commensalism is a relationship between two different kinds of organisms
that benefits both of them.
_____________________ 4. Lichen is an example of mutualism.
_____________________ 5. Barnacles on a whale is an example of commensalism.
_____________________ 6. Parasitism is a relationship between two different kinds of organisms in
which one benefits and the other is unaffected.
_____________________ 7. Parasitism is a relationship between two different kinds of organism in
which one lives in or on the other and causes it harm.
_____________________ 8. The organism that a parasite feeds on is called a host.
_____________________ 9. Ticks, fleas, and leeches are examples of hosts.
_____________________ 10. Parasites capture and kill their prey before eating it.
PART J: Relationships in an Ecosystem
Organism Pair- Is it Mutualism Commensalism or Parasitism?
1. Shark and remora fish ____________________________________________
2. Clownfish and sea anemone _______________________________________
3. Ticks and dog ___________________________________________________
4. Spanish moss and tree ___________________________________________
5. Bee and flower __________________________________________________
6. Tapeworm and human ____________________________________________
Classify each description as an example of mutualism (m), commensalism (c), Predation (pr), or parasitism
(pa) by writing the letters in parentheses next to the description.
______ a. One organism kills and eats the other.
______ g. One organism lives on or in another
organism causing harm.
______ b. Organisms weaken or kill their hosts.
______ h. Wolves feed on caribou.
______ c. Bees pollinate flowers as they collect
______ i. One organism benefits and the other
nectar.
is not affected.
______ d. Orchids attach themselves to and
______
j.
Fleas feed on the blood of a pet dog.
grow on trees.
______
k.
Barnacles on a mussel shell.
______ e. Diseased or less fit members of a
______ l. Lichen
herd are caught and eaten.
______ f. Both organisms benefit.
RELATIONSHIPS IN AN ECOSYSTEM
PART C Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. Which relationship makes survival of both organisms easier? _________________________________
2. In which relationship does one kind of organism feed on another?______________________________
CELLS
What are living things?
PART A: Complete the following
1. Any living thing is called an _______________________________________________________________.
2. The basic unit of structure and function in living things is the ___________________________________.
3. A reaction to a change in your surroundings is a _____________________________________________.
4. The source of energy for most living things is the _____________________________________________.
5. Everything around you is made up of _______________________________________________________.
PART B: Place a check mark beside each statement that describes a characteristic that is true of all living
things.
______ 1. have cells
______ 5. use sunlight to make food
______ 2. can move
______ 6. use energy
______ 3. grow or develop
______ 7. respond to changes
______ 4. produce more of their own kind
______ 8. have features that help them
What are the needs of organisms?
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the
statement true. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
_______________________ 1. All organisms require food and water for growth.
_______________________ 2. An autotroph is an organism that cannot make its own food.
_______________________ 3. Many living things get the oxygen they need from the air or water.
_______________________ 4. Most living things need oxygen to change food into energy.
_______________________ 5. Living space provides an organism with air, water, food, and shelter.
_______________________ 6. The ability of an organism to keep conditions inside its body constant is
called homeostasis
_______________________ 7. An organism that can make its own food is a heterotroph.
_______________________ 8. Living things need a proper temperature to carry on their life processes.
What are other cell parts?
Match each term in Column B with its description in Column A. Write the letter of the correct term in the
space provided.
Column A
Column B
a. vacuoles
______ 1. small, round structures that make proteins
b. ribosome
______ 2. small structures in the cytoplasm that do special jobs
c. organelles
______ 3. bean-shaped structures that produce energy for a cell
d. mitochondria
______ 4. liquid-filled spaces in the cytoplasm
e. cell wall
______ 5. semi-permeable outer layer of an animal cell
f. endoplasmic reticulum
______ 6. small network of tubes that transports substances
g. cell membrane
______ 7. made of cellulose, this provides the shape for plant cells
Skill Challenge
Label the parts of these cells
How do materials move in and out of cells?
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the
statement true.
_______________________ 1. A cell is the smallest part of a substance that is still that substance.
_______________________ 2. The movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations is
called osmosis.
_______________________ 3. Movement of materials through a membrane using energy is called passive
transport.
_______________________ 4. Most molecules move from higher concentrations to lower concentrations.
_______________________ 5. A special molecule called a transport protein uses energy to push molecules
through the membrane of a cell.
_______________________ 6. The movement of water through a membrane is called diffusion.
_______________________ 7. The cell membrane has tiny holes in it that allow materials to pass into and
out of the cell.
How do cells obtain energy?
Complete the following.
1. A cell releases energy from food without using oxygen by _____________________________________ .
2. Plants use sunlight to make food in their leaves by using a process called ________________________.
3. A plant breaks down sugar and releases energy using a process called __________________________ .
4. Plants use the Sun’s energy to produce oxygen and __________________________________________ .
5. The ability to do work or cause change is ___________________________________________________.
6. Photosynthesis occurs in a plant’s ________________________________________________________ .
7. During photosynthesis, plants take in water and _____________________________________________ .
Answer the questions about the diagram shown below.
1. What process is being shown by the substances moving into and out of this structure?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the name of the structure shown? ___________________________________________________
3. Which substances are combined to release energy? ___________________________________________
4. Which substances are byproducts? _________________________________________________________
Body Systems
Use the diagram below to answer this question.
1. Which body system is represented in the picture___________________________________________?
2. What does this system provide your body with____________________________________________?
3. What does this system rid your body of__________________________________________________?
4. Which pair of body systems is MOST responsible for support and movement____________________?
5. Messages are carried from the eyes to the brain by_________________________________________?
6. All living things are made up of ________________________________________________________?
7. Which system is responsible for breaking down food particles into glucose______________________?
Genetics & Evolution
What is heredity?
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the
statement true.
___________________ 1. Characteristics of an organism are called genetics.
___________________ 2. Genetics is the study of heredity.
___________________ 3. The passing of traits from parent to offspring is called reproduction.
___________________ 4. Traits that are passed from parents to their offspring are called acquired traits.
___________________ 5. Eye color is an example of an inherited trait.
___________________ 6. The first person to study heredity was Gregor Monk.
___________________ 7. During heredity, male and female sex cells join together.
___________________ 8. Mendel is often called the father of genetics.
What are chromosomes?
Circle the term that makes each statement true.
1. Heredity is controlled by (chromosomes / traits).
2. Chromosomes are located in the (ribosomes / nucleus) of a cell.
3. The parts of a chromosome that control inherited traits are (genes / daughter cells).
4. Eye color and hair color are determined by (genes / sex cells).
5. (An allele / A centromere) is the point of a chromosome where two parts meet.
6. Chromosomes are composed of a material called (chromatin / karyotype).
7. (Alleles / Chromosomes) are different versions of the same gene.
Why can offspring differ from their parents?
PART A Match each term in Column B with its description in Column A. Write the correct letter in the space
provided.
Column A
Column B
__________ 1. stronger gene whose trait always shows itself
a. homozygous
__________ 2. having two unlike genes for the same trait
b. recessive gene
__________ 3. having two like genes for the same trait
c. heterozygous
__________ 4. gene of a trait that is hidden when the dominant gene is present gene
d. dominant
PART B Complete the following.
1. In a heterozygous organism, one gene shows itself while the other gene is _______________________ .
2. In pea plants, the gene for tallness is ______________ , while the gene for shortness is ______________.
3. A homozygous pea plant that is short contains two genes that are _______________________________ .
4. A heterozygous pea plant will have one gene for tallness and a second gene for __________________ .
Use the diagrams to answer the following.
1. Which of the diagrams shows a pea plant that you know is homozygous? Explain.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Is it possible to tell if the tall pea plant is a homozygous plant or a heterozygous plant just by looking at the
plant? Explain.________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How could you find out if the tall plant is heterozygous or homozygous? ______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
How do genes combine in offspring?
PART A Answer the following.
1. How is a dominant trait represented using symbols? ___________________________________________
2. How is a recessive trait shown using symbols? ________________________________________________
3. What is a Punnett square? ________________________________________________________________
PART B
Complete the Punnett square below.
BbxBb
B = brown hair
b = black hair
Complete the Punnett square. Then, answer the questions.
Tt xTt
T = tall
t = short
1. Are the parents in this cross homozygous for tallness or are they heterozygous? ______________________
2. Which letters in the diagram represent an offspring that is pure dominant?___________________________
3. Which letters in the diagram represent an organism that is pure recessive? __________________________
4. Which letters in the diagram represent a heterozygous dominant organism?__________________________
5. a. What fraction of the offspring produced by this cross will be homozygous recessive? _________________
b. Homozygous dominant? ________________________________________________________________
c. Heterozygous dominant? _______________________________________________________________
Complete the Punnett square. Then, answer the questions.
BWxBW
B = black feathers
W = white feathers
BW = mix of black and white feathers
1. Are the parents in this cross homozygous or heterozygous? ______________________________________
2. What color are the parents? _______________________________________________________________
3. What are the chances that an offspring will be heterozygous? _____________________________________
4. What colors will the offspring be? ___________________________________________________________
How is gender determined?
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the
statement true.
___________________ 1. A child with XX chromosomes will be male.
___________________ 2. The gender of an offspring is controlled by the chromosomes in male sex cells.
___________________ 3. During mitosis, each sperm cell receives only one chromosome from each pair.
___________________ 4. Female egg cells have an XY pair of chromosomes.
___________________ 5. All egg cells contain X chromosomes.
___________________ 6. All children inherit their gender from their fathers.
___________________ 7. In females, all pairs of chromosomes look identical.
___________________ 8. All human traits are determined by 24 pairs of chromosomes.
___________________ 9. During meiosis, each egg cell receives one chromosome from each pair of
chromosomes.
___________________ 10. Each new offspring has a 25 percent chance of being a girl.
___________________ 11. Gender is determined by the twenty-third pair of chromosomes.
___________________ 12. A fertilized egg cell carrying two X chromosomes will develop into a male.
How is genetics used to improve living things?
PART A Match each term in Column B with its description in Column A. Write the correct letter in the space
provided.
Column A
Column B
_______ 1. mating closely related organisms
a. cloning
_______ 2. mating two different kinds of organisms
b. hybridization
_______ 3. making a new organism with the exact same DNA.
c. inbreeding
_______ 4. process used by plant growers that crosses plants with desirable traits
d. selective breeding
What is evolution?
Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the
statement true.
___________________ 1. Many scientists believe that new species develop from older species as a result of
adaptation.
___________________ 2. A change in a gene is called a mutation.
___________________ 3. A trait of an organism that helps it survive in its environment is called an evolution.
___________________ 4. The process by which organisms change throughout time is called evolution.
___________________ 5. A group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce among themselves are a
species.
___________________ 6. If a mutation is helpful to an organism, it may die out before passing the trait on.
What are fossils?
Write the term that best completes each sentence in the space provided.
1. Species of organisms that are no longer found living are _______________________________________ .
2. The remains or traces of once-living organisms are ____________________________________________ .
3. Most fossils are found in layers of _______________________________________________________ rock.
4. An elephant-like animal called a __________________________________ has been found frozen in ice.
5. Insects are often preserved in hardened tree sap called _________________________________________ .
What evidence supports evolution?
Complete the following.
1. What are homologous structures? ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Name three homologous structures. __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What are vestigial structures? ________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How do scientists know that dogs and bears are closely related? _________________________________
Place the diagrams of horse evolution below in the correct order by writing the letter A (earliest horse)
through D (most recent horse) in the spaces provided. Then, answer the question.
______ 1.
_____ 2.
______ 3.
______ 4.
5. What generalization can you make about how horses have changed through time? ____________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
PART B The main ideas of Darwin’s theory of natural selection are listed below. Explain what is meant by each
of these ideas.
1. Overproduction: ____________________________________________________________________________
2. Struggle for Existence: ______________________________________________________________________
3. Variation: _________________________________________________________________________________
4. Survival of the Fittest: _______________________________________________________________________
5. Evolution of New Species: ___________________________________________________________________
Gray moth
Black moth
1. Which of these moths would be more likely to survive before the Industrial Revolution? ________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which of these moths would be more likely to survive during the Industrial Revolution? _________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Which of these moths would be more likely to survive after the 1970s? ______________________________
Classification
1. What is the purpose of a dichotomous key___________________________________________________?
2. How many questions are in each paired statement___________________________________________?
Complete the dichotomous key below.
1a. Bean round
1b. Bean elliptical or oblong
Garbanzo bean
Go to 2
2a. Bean white
2b. Bean has dark pigments
White northern
Go to 3
3a. Bean evenly pigmented
3b. Bean pigmentation mottled
Go to 4
Pinto bean
4a. Bean black
4b. Bean reddish-brown
Black bean
Kidney bean