Download 99 ways to pass the msa

“99 Ways to Pass the MSA!”
AKA – Concepts to study for the Science MSA
1. Friction is a force that creates heat and opposes motion.
2. The strength of a force depends on how hard you push or pull the object.
3. Objects at rest stay at rest/objects in motion stay in motion, unless acted upon by an outside force (Newton's 1st Law.)
4. Force = Mass x Acceleration or F = M x A… (Newton's 2nd Law)
5. For every action, there is an equal and/or opposite reaction. (Newton's 3rd Law)
6. Potential energy is stored energy due to position (height above ground) or condition (a battery, chemical reaction).
7. Kinetic energy is moving energy or the energy of motion (a bird flying, a person running, a ball rolling)
8. Energy can be changed from one form to another: “Law of Conservation of Energy” (electricity to light/heat in a bulb)
9. Conduction occurs mainly in solids. Convection occurs in liquids & gases. (transfer of heat energy)
10. Glaciers store most of the earth's fresh water.
11. Convection currents in the earth's mantle (molten rock) cause seafloor spreading, earthquakes and volcanoes.
Earth Science (6th grade)
12. Plate Tectonics is the movement of the earth's crust because of convection in the mantle.
13. Earthquakes are caused by the movement of plates along a fault, like the San Andreas fault in California.
Earthquakes release energy!
14. The sun's radiation is the main energy source for the Earth. (plants, water, life)
15. Objects that are less dense (have a density less than 1.0 g/mL) will float in water.
16. Objects that are more dense (have a density greater than 1.0 g/mL) will sink in water.
17. The higher an object is, the more (gravitational) potential energy it has.
18. The same substance always has the same density, no matter how much of it you have.
19. Earthquakes and volcanoes are found on plate boundaries.
20. As temperature increases, density decreases in matter. (Thermal expansion! Like the ball & ring!)
21. Water expands when it freezes, causing physical weathering (like cracks in rocks).
22. Gravity is a force that holds the planets in their orbits.
23. One rotation (spin) of a planet equals one solar day. (24 hrs for earth)
24. One revolution of a planet equals one year. (365 ¼ days for earth)
25. The closer the planet to the sun, the faster it revolves.
26. Geologists study the earth, biologists study living things, chemists study chemistry, and physicists study physics.
27. The equator always has 12 hours of daylight.
28. Earth is closer to the sun in winter and furthest in summer.
29. Darker colors absorb light… white colors reflect light.
30. High Pressure on a weather map means nice weather. (spins outward & clockwise in the N hemisphere)
31. Low Pressure on a weather map means Lousy (Bad) weather. (spins inwards & counter-clockwise in N hemisphere)
32. Wind blows from high to low pressure.
33. Wind direction is named from the direction that it is coming from (example = a South wind is coming from the South)
34. Weather moves from west to east in the United States
35. Fossils are used to tell the age of the earth.
36. Sedimentary rocks = made from compaction and cementation; most likely to have fossils (ex: limestone, shale, clay)
37. Igneous rock = cools fast: small crystals; cools slow: large crystals, from lava or magma (ex: obsidian, granite, basalt)
38. Metamorphic = formed from heat and pressure (ex: marble, slate)
39. The higher the sun is in the sky, the shorter the length of the shadows.
40. You need 3 seismometer stations to plot an earthquake. (“triangulation”)
41. In undisturbed rock layers - bottom layer is oldest, youngest on top.
Life Science (7th grade)
42. Digestion begins in the mouth! With saliva!
43. Kidneys filter your blood.
44. Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry it to the heart.
45. Arteries are thick-walled, veins are thin-walled.
46. Bones produce blood cells.
47. Sweat causes our body to cool down.
48. Ligaments connect bone to bone.
49. Tendons connect muscle to bone or muscle to muscle.
50. Involuntary muscles are uncontrolled (heart beat)
51. Voluntary muscles we can control (throwing a ball)
52. The heart muscle is called a cardiac muscle.
53. The four main joint types are: ball and socket (shoulder), hinge (knee), gliding (wrist), and pivot (elbow).
54. The cell is the basic structure of all living things.
55. Cells make tissues, tissues make organs, and organs make organ systems.
56. Only Plant Cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and chlorophyll.
57. Plant cells are rectangular, animal cells are round.
58. Study your vocab for all cell parts!
59. White blood cells fight disease.
60. Red blood cells provide oxygen.
61. Animal adaption aids in the development of a species.
62. Organs begin to develop in humans after fertilization and before birth.
63. Chromosomes store DNA.
64. Producers, like grass, make their own food from sunlight during “photosynthesis”.
65. Asexual reproduction is the formation of new individuals from the cell(s) of a single parent.
66. Asexual reproduction occurs in plants (and some single-celled organisms) only.
67. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total) - 23 from each parent.
68. Chromosomes contain hereditary information and DNA.
69. Animals take in nutrients for energy and growth.
70. Photosynthesis is a type of respiration in plants.
71. Plants take in carbon dioxide and water and give off oxygen during photosynthesis.
72. Humans and other animals take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide during respiration.
73. Micro-organisms can only be seen with a microscope, like bacteria, virus and fungi.
74. Cell division is responsible for growth and repair.
75. An ecosystem is made of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) things.
76. Adaptation is the process by which organisms change to their environmental surroundings.
77. Animals depend on organisms for food and are called consumers.
78. Decomposers are organisms that break down dead plants and animals and return nutrients to the soil.
79. Food chains contain producers, consumers and decomposers.
80. Mitosis is cell division that produces 2 new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original.
Meiosis produces sex cells that contain half as many chromosomes as regular body cells.
81. A change in a gene is called a mutation.
82. Global warming can cause icecaps to melt, flooding and more storms.
Physical Science
83. Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Matter is everything that has mass & takes up space.
84. The nucleus of an atom contains protons (+) and neutrons (neutral).
85. Electrons (-) circle around the nucleus in orbits or shells. The ROW/period tells you how many shells it has.
86. Elements with similar properties are in the same vertical columns (“families”) on the Periodic Table.
87. Acids = taste sour, conduct electricity, and are 0-7 on the pH scale… Bases = taste bitter, feel slippery, dissolve oils
& fats, conduct electricity, and are 7-14 on the pH scale… acids and bases NEUTRALIZE each other!
88. Use a magnet to separate a mixture of iron and sulfur or iron and sand. If there’s salt in the mix, dissolve it!
89. Chemical changes create something new (rusting, burning, cooking)
90. Physical changes can be put back into their original form usually. (melting ice, cutting wood, boiling H2O)
91. Opposite charges attract (go together), like charges repel (go away)
92. Energy (electricity) can be created with water (hydroelectric), the sun (solar), windmills, nuclear power, batteries, and
fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas)… and remember that fossil fuel plants use CHEMICAL energy to make electricity.
93. As the frequency of a wave increases, the wavelength decreases. (Think: faster waves = closer waves!)
94. Waves travel fastest in solids, slowest in gases, not at all in empty space (a vacuum), unless it’s electromagnetic waves
95. Solid molecules are closest together and move the slowest. Gas molecules are farthest apart and move the fastest.
96. Evaporation is when liquids change to gases.
97. Condensation is change from a gas to a liquid (dew, droplets of water, fog, clouds); Sublimation is solid to a gas
98. Speed = Distance ÷ Time (s = d/t)… Velocity is speed AND direction of an object… Acceleration is change in speed
over time (how much you speed up or slow down in an amount of time)
99.
STUDY YOUR VOCAB!!!!!!!!!!!!