Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Problems in World Order POLI 253 Course Objective: Economic globalization is controversial. This course is designed to introduce you to the factors that are fuelling this controversy, and to encourage you to examine them in a broad rather than a narrow context. To achieve these objectives, the course focuses principally on international trade and multinatio nal corporations (MNCs) as the principal driving forces of globalization. We examine the creation, evolution, and functioning of the GATT and World Trade Organization. We look in detail at the role of MNCs in the global economy. We will look at the impact of globalization on labor in the United States and how globalization drives the politics of American trade policy. We will then examine the impact of globalization on developing countries. Here we will focus on the impact of globalization on poverty in developing countries. We will look in detail at trade, MNCs, debt, as well as discuss the role of the WTO, IMF, and World Bank in developing countries. Course Readings: All readings for this course are available online through Blackboard under this course number. Book chapters are available in the section “Course Documents” and readings from the web are available under the section “External Links.” The URL for Blackboard is http://blackboard.unc.edu. Course Requirements: Your grade in this class will be based on three components: 1. Tests: There will be a mid-term and a final exam. Each is worth 30% of your grade. 2. Paper: You will be required to write a ten page paper, exclusive of the in-class exam, in three parts over the course of the semester. This paper will be highly structured according to my specifications. A detailed description of these specifications is included at the end of the syllabus. The paper is worth 30% of your grade, which is broken down as follows: a. Part 1 is worth 8% of your grade. b. Part 2 is worth 8% of your grade. c. Part 3, and the paper as an entirety, is worth 14% of your grade. 1. Attendance: Class participation will count for the other 10% of your grade. This includes: a. Preparing one in-class presentations on a specific aspect of globalization. b. Participating regularly in discussions . To do so effectively, you will have to read the assigned material before class meets. I reserve the right 2 to administer periodic reading-based quizzes to evaluate how many of you are doing the reading before class. Such quizzes will constitute a significant percentage of your participation grade. c. Attending class regularly. I will take attendance daily. Each student is entitled to two unexcused absences. I must excuse any additional absences. Every unexcused absence will cost you two points off your final grade. No Exceptions . Date Topics and Readings January 7 Introductory Meeting January 9 Introduction to Globalization Reading: Brawley, “Defining Globalization” January 14 Country Selection Due Globalization in Perspective: Creation and Evolution of the Multilateral Trade System Reading: Oatley, Chapter 2, pages 2 -26. January 16 The World Trade Organization: Rules and Procedures Reading: Selections from WTO website January 21 The Case for International Trade and the WTO Reading: Oatley, Chapter 2, pages 26-36. January 23 Who’s Afraid of the WTO? Reading: Global Exchange and WTO websites January 28 Trade and Incomes: Who Wins and Who Loses from Trade? Reading: Oatley, Chapter 3, pages 10-36. January 30 Trade, Incomes, and Trade Politics in the United States Reading: Oatley, Chapter 3, pages 10-36. February 4 MNCs in the Global Economy Reading: 3 Oatley, Chapter 5, pages February 6 Part 1 of Paper Due Regulating MNCs in the Global Economy Reading: Oatley, Chapter 5, pages 37-44. February 11 What Does American Labor Want? Reading: Selections from AFL-CIO website February 13 Regulating Labor in the Global Economy Reading: O’Brien et al. “The World Trade Organization and Labour,” pages 73-77 and 82-106. Core Labor Standards, on-line materials February 18 Trade and the Environment Reading: UNEP. 2000. Environment and Trade: A Handbook. Pp. 2731; 35-40. I.M. Destler, and Peter J. Balint. 1998. The New Politics of American Trade: Trade, Labor, and the Environment. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, Chapter 3. February 20 Trade and the Environment Reading: UNEP. 2000. Environment and Trade: A Handbook. Pp. 2731; 35-40. I.M. Destler, and Peter J. Balint. 1998. The New Politics of American Trade: Trade, Labor, and the Environment. Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, Chapter 3. February 25 Test 1 February 27 Developing Countries in the Global Economy: Introduction Reading: William Easterly, “To Help the Poor” World Bank, “Growth, Inequality, and Poverty,” pages 45-48 March 4 Trade, Growth, and Poverty Reading: UNCTAD, 2002. “Patterns of Trade Integration and Poverty” March 6 Developing countries and the WTO 4 Part 2 of Paper Due Reading: World Bank, “Global Prospects 2001.” March 18 Developing countries and the WTO Reading: World Bank, “Global Prospects 2001.” March 20 MNCs and Developing Countries Reading: Graham? Klein March 25 Sweatshops (Student Presentations) Reading: On-Line Reports on Sweatshops March 27 Sweatshops in Broader Context Reading: Paul Krugman, “In Defense of Cheap Labor” April 1 The International Monetary Fund and World Bank Reading: April 3 No Class April 8 The International Monetary Fund and World Bank Reading: April 10 The Debt Problem and Debt Forgiveness Reading: Jubilee Campaign; World Bank/IMF HIPC Initiative On-Line Materials April 15 The Debt Problem and Debt Forgiveness Reading: William Easterly, “Forgive Us Our Debts” April 17 Globalization or National Governance? Reading: Erich Weede, “Why Poor People Stay Poor Elsewhere,” William Easterly, Chapters 11 and 13 April 22 Globalization or National Governance? Reading: Erich Weede, “Why Poor People Stay Poor Elsewhere,” William Easterly, Chapters 11 and 13 5 April 24 Alternatives to Globalization? Reading: Selections from “Alternatives to Economic Globalization” April 25 Full Paper Due By 5:00 p.m. April 29 Final Exam 8:00 a.m. 6 Paper Assignment 1. Select a developing country from the attached list. 2. Become an expert on this country’s political and economic structure during the last forty years, evaluate the reasons for the country’s economic performance in this period, and suggest a limited number of policy reforms that would improve this performance. 3. The paper is due in three sections. Each section requires specific content, the details of which are listed below. The first two sections are essentially an exercise in data collection. I want you to measure each of the variables I ask you to collect for four distinct time periods: 1. 1960-1970 2. 1971-1980 3. 1981-1990 4. 1991-2001 Ideally, you should provide averages for each variable for each of these periods. When data for each year in a particular period is unavailable, then collect as much data as you can and add a footnote indicating the data limitations. 4. Please organize sections 1 and 2 of the paper by variable, not by period. Thus, each subsection of the paper will examine level and change in one variable across the four periods. Country Selection Due By January 14th. The Details Section 1: Basic Political and Economic Characteristics Due: Beginning of Class, February 6th. 1. The Political System: Democracy or Authoritarian Regime? If Authoritarian, was the government Socialist/Communist, Military, or some other type of regime? 2. Structure of the Economy a. How Large is the Agriculture Sector b. How Large is Mining and Other Natural Resources c. How Large is the Manufacturing Sector d. How Large is the Service Sector 3. Government Participation in the Economy: Essentially, I want you to come to an informed judgment about the scale of this involvement. Is the government highly interventionist in a particular period? Is the scale of this intervention increasing or decreasing from one period to the next? Some things to consider: a. How Much Government Ownership of Industry? b. How Much Government Intervention in Agriculture? c. How Much Government Control Over Manufacturing Investment? 4. Per Capita Income 7 5. Economic Growth. Obtain Measures of Total Economic Growth and Per Capita Economic Growth. 6. Poverty: Number and percent of population living below the poverty line (national, $1 per day, $2 per day). 7. Development: United Nations Human Development Index 8. Income Distribution: Find and Report Gini coefficients for as many of these periods as you can for your country. 9. Macroeconomic Conditions : a. Inflation Rate b. Government Budget Deficit/Surplus 10. In presenting this data a. Please use tables and charts. They help identify trends b. Write short paragraphs that describe the level and the trends that you see in this data. c. Please document the sources for all of your data. d. Please note where data is unavailable. Section 2: Linkages to the Global Economy Due: Beginning of Class, March 6th. 1. Trade a. Trade Openness (Imports+Exports)/GDP b. Composition of Exports—Diversified or not; primary commodities (if so, which ones?) or manufactured goods? c. Terms of Trade and Changes in Terms of Trade d. Trade Protectionism—Tariffs and Non- Tariff Barriers, with a focus on level and changes in the level 2. Finance a. Foreign Debt, expressed in absolute amount and as a percent of the country’s exports and GDP b. Foreign Debt Service, expressed as a percent of the country’s exports and as a percent of the country’s GDP c. Identity of Principal Creditors—Is debt owed to private lenders or to official lenders (i.e., the IMF, World Bank, other governments). 3. Foreign Direct Investment—How much and what kind? Does the country have an export-processing zone (EPZ)? 4. Current Account and Balance of Payments Position—express in absolute terms and as a percent of GDP. 5. In presenting this data a. Please use tables and charts. They help identify trends b. Write short paragraphs that describe the level and the trends that you see in this data. c. Please document the sources for all of your data. d. Please note where data is unavailable Section 3: Analysis Due: By Friday, 5:00 p.m. April 25 8 1. Your exercise in data collection and analysis will have generated some sort of pattern concerning per capita incomes, poverty, and the human development index. For example a. Per capita incomes in your country have increased and poverty has fallen since 1960-1970. b. Per capita incomes in your country have fallen relative to some earlier high point (perhaps in the late 1970s) and poverty has increased. c. Per capita incomes in your country display little tendency to change. d. Per capital incomes in your country exhibit lots of variation—rising and then falling, only to rise again. 2. The data will also illustrate in broad terms your country’s participation in the global economy. 3. You must explain why this pattern has emerged in your country. a. In particular, I want you to focus on country-specific factors versus the global economy. That is, is the pattern you see the result of lots of government and very little market (including the international market) or is it instead the result of little government and lots of market? b. In engaging in this analysis, you must be very specific and explicit about the factors driving these patterns. 4. You must draw on other scholarly sources to help you make sense of the pattern you see. These sources can focus on the experience of your specific country and they can focus on the broader issue of economic development. 5. Finally, write a brief section detailing two of the most important changes (either to the government’s policies or to the global economic system) that you believe would be most helpful to your country. The changes you suggest should emerge logically from your prior analysis. Data Sources Most of the economic data you need for Sections 1 and 2 can be acquired from a CDROM put together by the World Bank: World Development Indicators on CD-ROM. This resource is available at Davis Library Reference Desk. The Reference Librarians will be delighted to show you how to use it. I have also posted two Excel files on blackboard. One file, called “macro,” provides a number of economic indicators across time for many countries. Depending upon data availability, some extend back until 1960. The other file, called “social”, provides a number of social indicators for many countries. If you use data from these files, please cite them as William Easterly and Mirvat Sewadeh, “Global Development Network Growth Database,” World Bank, 2003. You can also access them from the World Bank’s website at http://www.worldbank.org/research/growth/GDNdata.htm 9 The United Nations publishes its Human Development Report in which it provides its Human Development Index. A table with trends in this index, as well as explanation of its construction, is available on blackboard. It is only available from 1975. Some data on poverty can be found at the World Bank website: http://www.worldbank.org/research/povmonitor/ You will have to look beyond this site, however, for a fuller time series. Data on income distribution is hard to come by, particularly for developing countries. Moreover, measures of income distribution are imprecise. Thus, one should use caution when interpreting this data. I have posted the best available data set on blackboard (Deninger, K., and L.Squire (1998). "A New Data Sets in Measuring Income Inequality", World Bank Economic Review, vol. 10, no 3). Use the Gini coefficient provided in this data set. I have also posted a short reading explaining how to interpret Gini coefficients. You will have to consult published research on your country to evaluate government participation in the economy. List of Countries Argentina Ethiopia Pakistan Bangladesh Gabon Paraguay Benin Gambia, The Peru Bolivia Ghana Philippines Botswana Guatemala Rwanda Brazil Guinea Senegal Burkina Faso Haiti Sierra Leone Cameroon Honduras Swaziland Central African Republic India Tanzania Chad Jamaica Togo Chile Kenya Turkey Congo, Dem. Rep. (Zaire) Malawi Uganda Costa Rica Mali Uruguay Cote d'Ivoire Mauritania Venezuela Djibouti Mexico Zambia Dominican Republic Mozambique Zimbabwe Ecuador Nigeria