Download YOU PROBABLY DON`T UNDERSTAND THIS 70s REFERENCE…

I. VOCABULARIO
EN UN RESTAURANTE
AT A RESTAURANT
EL CLIENTE
¿ME PUEDES TRAER…?
LA CUENTA
EL MENÚ
¿QUÉ NOS RECOMIENDAS?
ALGO LIGERO
ALGO FUERTE
ORDENAR
DEJAR UNA PROPINA
THE CUSTOMER
I’LL HAVE...
THE BILL
THE MENU
WHAT DO YOU RECOMMEND?
SOMETHING LIGHT
SOMETHING FILLING
TO ORDER
TO LEAVE A TIP
EL/LA MESERO/A
¿QUÉ DESEAN COMER?
¿QUÉ DESEAN BEBER?
¿DESEAN ALGO MÁS?
YO RECOMIENDO…
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EN LA MESA
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LA CUCHARA
EL TENEDOR
EL CUCHILLO
EL PLATO
E L BO L
LA SERVILLETA
EL INDIVIDUAL
EL MANTEL
EL VASO
LA TAZA
LA SAL
LA PIMIENTA
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THE WAITER/WAITRESS
WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO EAT?
WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO DRINK?
WOULD YOU LIKE ANYTHING ELSE?
I RECOMMEND…
AT THE TABLE
SPOON
FORK
KNIFE
PLATE
BO W L
NAPKIN
PLACEMAT
TABLECLOTH
GLASS
COFFEE CUP
SALT
PEPPER
EN EL MENÚ
 ON THE MENU
LAS ENTRADAS
LA ENSALADA CÉSAR
LA ENSALADA GRIEGA
LA CREMA DE HONGOS
LA SOPA DE CEBOLLA FRANCESA
LAS ALITAS DE POLLO
LOS PALITOS DE QUESO
EL DIP DE ESPINACAS Y ALCACHOFAS
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APPETIZERS
CAESAR SALAD
GREEK SALAD
CREAM OF MUSHROOM SOUP
FRENCH ONION SOUP
CHICKEN WINGS
MOZZARRELLA STICKS
SPINACH AND ARTICHOKE DIP
LOS PLATOS PRINCIPALES
LAS COSTILLAS
EL FILET MIGNON
EL LOMO DE CERDO
LA TILAPIA
EL BACALAO
EL ATÚN
EL CEVICHE
EL POLLO FRITO
EL POLLO A LA PARRILLA
LA PASTA
EL ESPAGUETI
LA LASAÑA
LOS MACARRONES CON QUESO
EL FETUCCINI ALFREDO
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LOS ACOMPAÑANTES
LAS PAPITAS FRITAS
LOS AROS DE CEBOLLA
EL PURÉ DE PAPA
LA PAPA HORNEADA
LOS VEGETALES AL VAPOR
EL ARROZ Y HABICHUELAS
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LOS POSTRES
EL MOUSSE DE CHOCOLATE
UN SUNDAE DE HELADO
EL FLAN
LOS BROWNIES
EL PASTEL DE TRES LECHES
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ENTREES
RIBS
FILET MIGNON
PORK TENDERLOIN
TILAPIA
COD
TUNA
CEVICHE
FRIED CHICKEN
GRILLED CHICKEN
PASTA
SPAGHETTI
LASAGNA
MAC ‘N’ CHEESE
FETUCCHINE ALFREDO
SIDES
FRENCH FRIES
ONION RINGS
MASHED POTATOES
BAKED POTATO
STEAMED VEGETABLES
RICE AND BEANS
DESSERTS
CHOCOLATE MOUSSE
ICE-CREAM SUNDAE
FLAN
BROWNIES
TRES LECHES CAKE
CULTURAL NOTE: FOOD IS, OBVIOUSLY, VERY CULTURAL. EVERY COUNTRY
IN THE SPANISH-SPEAKING WORLD HAS ITS OWN UNIQUE CULTURE AS WELL
AS ITS OWN UNIQUE CUISINE. IT’S IMPOSSIBLE TO BE FROM THE DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC AND NOT KNOW WHAT SANCOCHO IS, OR TO BE FROM MEXICO AND
NOT KNOW WHAT MOLE IS. HOWEVER, IT’S IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT
MEXICANS DON’T EAT MEXICAN FOOD EVERY DAY AND SPANIARDS
DON’T EAT SPANISH FOOD EVERY DAY. EVERYWHERE IN THE WORLD
YOU CAN FIND SUSHI, ITALIAN RESTAURANTS AND, YES, EVEN BURGERS.
A GOOD RULE OF THUMB: WHEN TRAVELING, DON’T EAT ANYTHING YOU
CAN GET BACK HOME. IN OTHER WORDS, SAY NO TO THE GOLDEN ARCHES!!
II. DOPs v. IDOPs v. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
IT’S LIKE ROCKY V. APOLLO CREED
(YOU PROBABLY DON’T UNDERSTAND THIS 70s REFERENCE… )
A. YOU DOWN WITH DOPs, YEAH YOU KNOW ME!
YOU LEARNED IN SPANISH 1 THAT DIRECT OBJECT
PRONOUNS ALLOW YOU TO SOUND LESS “ROBOTIC” IN SPANISH.
WHAT IS A DIRECT OBJECT?? THE FANCY, SCHMANCY, “I’M SMARTER THAN
YOU” DEFINITION OF A DIRECT OBJECT IS “A WORD OR GROUP OF WORDS
REPRESENTING THE PERSON OR THING UPON WHICH THE ACTION OF A VERB
IS PERFORMED OR TOWARD WHICH IT IS DIRECTED.” SIMPLY PUT, IT
ANSWERS THE QUESTION “WHOM?” OR “WHAT?” AFTER THE VERB.
FOR EXAMPLE:
I KNOW LEBRON JAMES.
WHOM?
LEBRON JAMES!! LEBRON JAMES IS THE DIRECT OBJECT.
I’M GOING TO VISIT MY GRANDPARENTS.
WHOM?? YOUR GRANDPARENTS!!
I HAVE TO WASH THE DISHES.
WHAT?? THE DISHES!!
WITH THAT SAID, DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS ARE PRONOUNS THAT TAKE
THE PLACE OF THE DIRECT OBJECT. IN ENGLISH, THE DOPs ARE:
ME…YOU…HIM…HER…IT…US…THEM
What am I doing
here? I want to be
the leader of the
GOP, not the DOP!
IN SPANISH, THE DOPS ARE:
ME (ME)
TE (YOU)
LO (HIM; IT)
LA (HER; IT)
NOS (US)
LOS (THEM)
LAS (THEM)
PRONOUN PLACEMENT: UNLIKE IN ENGLISH, DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS GO
IN FRONT OF CONJUGATED VERBS. FOR EXAMPLE:
NOSOTROS LOS VISITAMOS LOS SÁBADOS.
WE VISIT THEM ON SATURDAYS.
¿MI TAREA? NO LA QUIERO HACER AHORA.
MY HOMEWORK? I DON’T WANT TO DO IT NOW.
COMMON VERBS
ADMIRAR
AMAR
AYUDAR
CONOCER*
INVITAR
LLAMAR
OFENDER
ODIAR
VER**
VISITAR
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TO ADMIRE
TO LOVE
TO HELP
TO KNOW
TO INVITE
TO CALL
TO OFFEND
TO HATE
TO SEE
TO VISIT
*FUNKY YO: CONOZCO
**FUNKY YO: VEO
B. INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS (IDOPs)
IDOPs FUNCTION MUCH LIKE DOPs, BUT ARE COMPLETELY DIFFERENT. THE
FANCY, SCHMANCY, “I’M SMARTER THAN YOU” DEFINITION OF AN INDIRECT
OBJECT IS “A WORD OR GROUP OF WORDS REPRESENTING THE PERSON OR
THING WITH REFERENCE TO WHICH THE ACTION OF A VERB IS PERFORMED,
IN ENGLISH GENERALLY COMING BETWEEN THE VERB AND THE DIRECT
OBJECT AND PARAPHRASABLE AS THE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION”. SIMPLY
PUT, IT TELLS TO WHOM OR FOR WHOM THE ACTION OF THE VERB IS DONE.
IN OTHER WORDS, IT ANSWERS THE 2-WORD QUESTION “TO WHOM?” OR “FOR
WHOM” ASKED AFTER THE VERB. FOR EXAMPLE:
I WROTE THE PRESIDENT A LETTER.
YOU WROTE A LETTER TO WHOM?
TO THE PRESIDENT!! THE PRESIDENT IS YOUR INDIRECT OBJECT.
I BOUGHT MY MOM FLOWERS.
YOU BOUGHT FLOWERS FOR WHOM??
YO’ MAMA!! YOUR MOM IS THE INDIRECT OBJECT.
WITH THAT SAID, INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS ARE PRONOUNS THAT TAKE
THE PLACE OF THE INDIRECT OBJECT. IN ENGLISH, THE IDOPs ARE:
ME…YOU…HIM…HER…US…THEM
IN SPANISH, THE IDOPS ARE:
ME (ME)
TE (YOU)
LE (HIM, HER)
NOS (US)
LES (THEM)
JUST LIKE DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS, IDOPs GO IN FRONT OF CONJUGATED
VERBS. FOR EXAMPLE:
YO LE COMPRÉ FLORES.
I BOUGHT HER FLOWERS.
ELLA ME MANDÓ UN TEXTO.
SHE SENT ME A TEXT MESSAGE.
COMMON VERBS
CANTAR
COMPRAR
DAR*
DECIR**
ESCRIBIR
HABLAR
HACER*
LEER
MANDAR
PRESTAR
TEXTEAR
TRAER*
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TO SING
TO BUY
TO GIVE
TO TELL
TO WRITE
TO SPEAK
TO MAKE
TO READ
TO SEND
TO LEND
TO TEXT
TO BRING
*FUNKY YO
**FUNKY YO AND STEM-CHANGER
IDOP/DOP DIFFERENTIATION
FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF AN ENGLISH SPEAKER LEARNING SPANISH,
DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN IDOPs AND DOPs CAN BE DIFFICULT. “HIM”
CAN BE LE OR LO. “THEM” CAN BE LES, LOS OR LAS. WHICH SHOULD YOU
USE?? THAT DEPENDS ON WHETHER THE PRONOUN IS THE DIRECT OR
INDIRECT OBJECT OF THE SENTENCE.
REMEMBER, AN INDIRECT OBJECT ANSWERS “TO WHOM?” OR “FOR WHOM?”
AFTER THE VERB; DIRECT OBJECTS ANSWER “WHOM?” OR “WHAT?” AFTER
THE VERB.
QUICKIE QUIZ: IDENTIFY WHETHER THESE PRONOUNS IN ENGLISH ARE
INDIRECT OR DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS. WHICH PRONOUN IN SPANISH
WOULD YOU USE FOR EACH??
1. I KNOW HER.
2. I BOUGHT HER AN iPHONE.
ANSWERS:
1. DOP; LA
2. IDOP; LE
DOUBLE OBJECT PRONOUNS
IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE A DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN AND AN INDIRECT
OBJECT PRONOUN IN THE SAME SENTENCE?? OF COURSE!! HOW ‘BOUT THIS:
ARE YOU GOING TO SEND ME THE E-MAIL?
YES, I’M GOING TO SEND YOU IT.
IN SPANISH, THE DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN GOES AFTER THE INDIRECT
OBJECT PRONOUN.
SÍ, TE LO VOY A MANDAR.
HOW WOULD YOU ANSWER THIS QUESTION USING
DOUBLE OBJECT PRONOUNS IN SPANISH ?
¿QUIÉN TE COMPRÓ LOS ZAPATOS ?
YOUR ANSWER : _________________________________________________
JUST TO KEEP THINGS EXCITING, IN SPANISH WE CAN NEVER HAVE A
“DOUBLE L” PRONOUN COMBINATION. IN OTHER WORDS, YOU CAN NEVER
HAVE A COMBINATION OF “LE LO”… “LE LA”… “LE LOS”… “LE LAS”… “LES
LO”… “LES LA”… “LES LOS”… OR “LES LAS”. INSTEAD, YOU WILL REPLACE
THE INDIRECT OBJECT PRONOUN (THE “LE” OR “LES”) WITH A “SE”. FOR
EXAMPLE:
¿LE VAS A COMPRAR LAS FLORES A TU MAMÁ?
INCORRECT:
SÍ, LE
LAS VOY A COMPRAR MAÑANA.
CORRECT:
SÍ, SE
LAS VOY A COMPRAR MAÑANA.
C. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
A THIRD TYPE OF PRONOUN COMMONLY USED IN SPANISH IS THE REFLEXIVE
PRONOUN. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ARE USED WHENEVER THE SUBJECT OF
THE VERB IS ALSO ITS OBJECT. IN ENGLISH, THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ARE:
MYSELF…YOURSELF…HIMSELF…HERSELF…
ITSELF…OURSELVES…THEMSELVES
FOR EXAMPLE:
SHE LOOKED AT HERSELF IN THE MIRROR.
“SHE” IS THE SUBJECT; “HERSELF” IS THE PRONOUN.
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ARE MORE COMMONLY USED IN SPANISH THAN IN
ENGLISH. THERE ARE MANY SIMPLE SITUATIONS, IN SPANISH, WHERE A
REFLEXIVE PRONOUN IS MANDATORY, YET WE WOULDN’T USE ONE IN
ENGLISH. SO, GUESS WHAT?? YOU CAN’T RELY ON ENGLISH TO HELP YOU
HERE!! YOU’RE GOING TO HAVE TO SIMPLY LEARN THE USES AND ACCEPT THE
REALITY THAT LANGUAGES ARE DIFFERENT!!
IN ITS SIMPLEST FORM, REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ARE USED TO TALK ABOUT
WHAT YOU AND OTHERS DO TO YOURSELF/ THEMSELVES. WHEN YOU WASH
YOUR HANDS, DO YOU DO IT TO YOURSELF? YEP! YOU’LL USE A REFLEXIVE
PRONOUN!! WHEN YOU BRUSH YOUR TEETH, DO YOU DO IT TO YOURSELF??
YEP! REFLEXIVE PRONOUN. WHEN YOU SCRATCH YOUR BUTT… YEP!! YOU
GET THE POINT!!
SOME VERBS THAT COMMONLY TAKE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS:
ACOSTARSE (OUE)
AFEITARSE
BAÑARSE
CEPILLARSE EL PELO
CEPILLARSE LOS DIENTES
DESPERTARSE (EIE)
DORMIRSE (OUE)
DUCHARSE
LAVARSE LAS MANOS
LAVARSE EL PELO
LEVANTARSE
MAQUILLARSE
PEINARSE
PONERSE LA ROPA (“GO”)
SECARSE
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TO GO TO BED
TO SHAVE
TO TAKE A BATH
TO BRUSH YOUR HAIR
TO BRUSH YOUR TEETH
TO WAKE UP
TO FALL ASLEEP
TO TAKE A SHOWER
TO WASH YOUR HANDS
TO WASH YOUR HAIR
TO GET UP
TO PUT ON MAKEUP
TO COMB YOUR HAIR
TO PUT ON YOUR CLOTHES
TO DRY OFF
SOME ITEMS COMMONLY USED TO DO THOSE THINGS:
EL CEPILLO
EL CEPILLO DE DIENTES
EL CHAMPÚ
LA CREMA DE AFEITAR
LA CREMA HIDRATANTE
EL DESODORANTE
EL JABÓN
EL MAQUILLAJE
LA PASTA DE DIENTES
EL PEINE
LA RASURADORA
LA TOALLA
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HAIRBRUSH
TOOTHBRUSH
SHAMPOO
SHAVING CREAM
MOISTURIZER
DEODORANT
SOAP
MAKEUP
TOOTHPASTE
COMB
RAZOR
TOWEL
THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ARE:
ME
(MYSELF)
TE
(YOURSELF)
SE
(HIMSELF)
(HERSELF)
(ITSELF)
NOS
(OURSELVES)
SE
(THEMSELVES)
THE REFLEXIVE PRONOUN WILL ALWAYS AGREE WITH THE SUBJECT. AND,
JUST LIKE DOPs AND IDOPs, REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS GO IN FRONT OF
CONJUGATED VERBS. FOR EXAMPLE:
BOB NO SE CEPILLA LOS DIENTES.
BOB DOESN’T BRUSH HIS TEETH.
YO ME TENGO
QUE AFEITAR…
¡Y PONER LA
ROPA!
YO ME LEVANTÉ A LAS 5:00 am.
I GOT UP AT 5:00 am.
IT IS, OF COURSE, POSSIBLE TO HAVE A REFLEXIVE PRONOUN AND A DOP IN
THE SAME SENTENCE. IN THOSE INSTANCES, THE DOP WILL COME LAST. FOR
EXAMPLE, HOW WOULD YOU ANSWER THIS QUESTION USING TWO
PRONOUNS?
¿TE LAVASTE LAS MANOS?
YOUR ANSWER : __________________________________________
NOT ALL REFLEXIVE VERBS DEAL WITH THINGS YOU AND OTHERS DO
TO YOURSELF AND THEMSELVES. ANOTHER SET OF REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS DEALS WITH FEELINGS OR CONDITIONS, WHERE IN
ENGLISH WE USE THE VERB “TO GET”. FOR EXAMPLE:
ABURRIRSE
ASUSTARSE
CANSARSE
CONFUNDIRSE
DIVERTIRSE (IIE)
EMBARAZARSE
EMOCIONARSE
ENFERMARSE
ENOJARSE
MEJORARSE
LASTIMARSE
PERDERSE (EIE)
PREOCUPARSE
SENTIRSE (EIE)
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TO GET BORED
TO GET SCARED
TO GET TIRED
TO GET CONFUSED
TO HAVE FUN
TO GET PREGNANT
TO GET EXCITED
TO GET SICK
TO GET ANGRY
TO GET BETTER
TO GET HURT
TO GET LOST
TO GET WORRIED
TO FEE
FOR EXAMPLE:
MI NOVIA SE ENFERMÓ AYER.
MY GIRLFRIEND GOT SICK YESTERDAY.