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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of skeletal muscle?
excitability
elasticity
contractility
extensibility
reversibility
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi is called
perimysium.
endomysium.
fascia.
fasciculi.
microfibrils.
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Muscle myofibrils
contain actin and myosin myofilaments.
extend from one end of the muscle fiber to the other.
contain sarcomeres joined end to end.
have all of these properties.
have the properties of contain actin and myosin myofilaments and extend from one end
of the muscle fiber to the other only.
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle is the
fasciculus.
fiber.
myofibril.
sarcomere.
actin myofilament.
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Actin myofilaments
resemble bundles of minute golf clubs.
are attached to Z lines at one end.
form the I band where actin overlaps with myosin myofilaments.
form the epimysium.
have all of these characteristics.
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6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Each sarcomere
extends from one Z line to the next Z line.
has a light-colored H zone in the center.
contains parts of two I bands and a single A band.
contains overlapping actin and myosin myofilaments.
has all of these characteristics.
7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The resting membrane potential
occurs when the outside of the cell membrane is negatively charged.
is reversed in sign when sodium ions rush out of the cell.
will be changed if the membrane permeability to one or more ions is selectively altered.
is reestablished by depolarization after an action potential.
only occurs when the cytosol has a net negative charge.
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Acetylcholine
is the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction.
is broken down by acetylcholinesterase.
binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane.
causes an influx of sodium ions into the muscle cell when bound to its receptor.
has all of these characteristics.
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates is called a
neuromuscular junction.
synaptic cleft.
motor unit.
synapse.
presynaptic terminal.
10. In a neuromuscular junction,
A) the presynaptic terminal is separated from the postsynaptic terminal by the synaptic
cleft.
B) the presynaptic terminal contains vesicles filled with sodium ions.
C) the presynaptic terminal contains receptor molecules for the neurotransmitter.
D) the neurotransmitter causes an action potential in the presynaptic terminal.
E) all of these conditions occur.
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11. Given these events:
1. calcium ions move along their concentration gradient
2. action potential in cell membrane
3. opening of ion channels in sarcoplasmic reticulum
4. action potential in T tubules
5. actin to myosin cross-bridges form
Arrange them in the correct sequence as they participate during skeletal muscle
contraction:
A) 1, 2, 5, 3, 4
B) 1, 5, 4, 3, 2
C) 2, 4, 3, 1, 5
D) 2, 1, 5, 3, 4
E) 5, 3, 4, 2, 1
12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Calcium ions
bind to myosin myofilaments.
are returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum by active transport.
are released from the T tubules by active transport.
provide the energy for muscle contraction.
have both bind to myosin myofilaments and are returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum
by active transport as normal properties.
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ATP
attaches to the myosin myofilaments.
provides energy for the movement of the cross bridges.
is required for muscle relaxation.
releases part of its energy as heat.
has all of these characteristics.
14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A muscle fiber will not respond to a stimulus until that stimulus reaches the
tetany.
relaxation level.
rigor mortis level.
threshold level.
recruitment level.
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15. The condition in which a muscle remains contracted between stimuli without relaxing is
called
A) recruitment.
B) tetanus.
C) the all-or-none response.
D) a motor unit.
E) the lag phase.
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The characteristic that allows muscles to have a slow, smooth, sustained contraction is
the all-or-none response.
tetany.
recruitment of motor units.
anaerobic respiration.
rigor mortis.
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A high-energy molecule that can be quickly used to produce ATP:
creatine phosphate
glucose
carbon dioxide
lactic acid
water
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Anaerobic respiration
is used by all cells during sustained periods of exercise.
produces the most ATP's for each glucose molecule broken down.
produces lactic acid within the muscle.
produces an oxygen debt.
has both produces lactic acid within the muscle and produces an oxygen debt as
characteristics.
19. Which of the following statements about energy requirements for muscle contraction is
correct?
A) ATP synthesis occurs mostly by aerobic respiration during intense periods of exercise.
B) During short periods of intense exercise, creatine phosphate is used first.
C) Aerobic exercise is mainly limited by the buildup of lactic acid.
D) Glucose is a more important energy source than fatty acids during sustained exercise.
E) All of these are correct statements.
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20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Slow-twitch muscle fibers
are the predominant type of muscle fibers in the upper limbs.
have a richer blood supply than fast twitch fibers, and contain myoglobin.
would be used for activities resulting in (or requiring) anaerobic respiration.
fatigue more easily than fast-twitch fibers.
have all of these characteristics.
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Cardiac muscle
is under involuntary control.
has long, cylindrical cells
has many nuclei per cell.
has no striations.
has all of these characteristics.
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Smooth muscle
has no distinct sarcomeres.
contracts more slowly than skeletal muscle.
may be autorhythmic.
does not develop an oxygen debt.
has all of these characteristics.
23. Which of the following characteristics would establish conclusively that muscle tissue
being examined was skeletal muscle tissue?
A) several nuclei per cell.
B) striations present.
C) contracts spontaneously.
D) intercalated disks present.
E) under involuntary control.
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The biceps brachii muscle and the triceps brachii muscle
are synergists.
are antagonists.
both flex the forearm.
are both antagonists and flexors of the forearm.
are both synergists and flexors of the forearm.
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25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
If someone winks at you, they are using their
zygomaticus muscles.
occipitofrontalis muscle.
orbicularis oculi.
depressor anguli oris.
orbicularis oris.
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following muscles are involved in "puckering up" to kiss someone?
orbicularis oris
buccinator
zygomaticus major
Both orbicularis oris and buccinator are required to “pucker up.”
Both buccinator and zygomaticus major are required to “pucker up.”
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Muscles of mastication include
the masseter.
the hyoid muscles.
the pharyngeal constrictors.
the temporalis.
both the masseter and the temporalis.
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following muscles are used to elevate the larynx?
the masseter
the soft palate muscles.
the hyoid muscles.
the pharyngeal constrictors.
the sternocleidomastoid.
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The primary muscle(s) responsible for elevating the ribs during inspiration is(are)
the diaphragm.
the external intercostals.
the rectus abdominis.
the internal intercostals.
the erector spinae.
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30. A muscle located on either side of the linea alba, which flexes the waist and is crossed
by tendinous intersections is the
A) transversus abdominis.
B) external intercostal.
C) external abdominal oblique.
D) rectus abdominis.
E) erector spinae.
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of these muscles is NOT a fixator of the scapula?
latissimus dorsi
trapezius
levator scapulae
serratus anterior
pectoralis minor
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The major abductor of the upper limb is the
trapezius.
latissimus dorsi.
deltoid.
pectoralis major.
biceps brachii.
33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The anterior forearm muscles
extend the wrist and fingers.
are called intrinsic hand muscles.
flex the wrist and fingers.
supinate the forearm.
perform both flexion and supination at the wrist.
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The anterior hip muscle that flexes the thigh is the
iliopsoas.
gluteus medius.
tensor fascia latae.
gluteus maximus.
entire gluteal group.
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35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The hip muscle commonly used as a site for injections is the
gluteus maximus.
gluteus medius.
iliopsoas.
tensor fascia latae.
hamstring muscles.
36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
An anterior thigh muscle that extends the leg is the
sartorius.
quadriceps femoris.
hamstring group.
adductor group.
iliopsoas.
37.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A superficial muscle of the posterior compartment of the leg is the
tibialis anterior.
peroneus.
gastrocnemius.
plantar fascia.
hanstring group.
38. Mary Thon, a long-distance runner, asks her coach why it is so difficult to have a
"finishing kick" (sprinting the last hundred yards to the finish line). Her coach should
reply:
A) sprinting requires large amounts of oxygen, and she doesn't have much available at that
point.
B) there is no physiological reason why the finishing kick should be difficult.
C) sprinting requires fatty acids, which are likely to be gone at that point.
D) anaerobic activities like sprinting are limited by available glucose and rate of buildup of
lactic acid.
E) she has already built up an oxygen debt from too much aerobic exercise.
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39. Most types of nerve gas exert their effect by inactivating acetylcholinesterase. One of
the antidotes for nerve gas is atropine, which is also a poison. Although it may seem
strange to have one poison counteract the effects of another poison, which of the
following suggestions might be accurate for the effect that atropine has on the
neuromuscular junction?
A) atropine increases the production of acetylcholine in the synaptic vesicles.
B) atropine increases the release of acetylcholine across the synaptic cleft.
C) atropine increases the number of receptor sites for acetylcholine on the muscle cell
membrane.
D) atropine attaches to receptor sites for acetylcholine on the muscle cell membrane.
E) atropine increases both the release of acetylcholine and the number of available receptor
sites.
40. Musk L. Bound, a world-class weight lifter, had some muscle tissue from his
gastrocnemius muscle analyzed microscopically. Which of the following results would
be most likely?
A) a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers, large muscle mass
B) a high percentage of fast-twitch fibers, large muscle mass
C) a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers, greatly increased vascularity
D) a high percentage of fast-twitch fibers, greatly increased vascularity
E) a high percentage of slow-twitch fibers, high myoglobin content
41. "Pull-ups" are easier to do with the hands supinated than with the hands pronated. An
explanation for this is
A) the biceps brachii is attached to the radial tuberosity.
B) the biceps brachii supinates the forearm.
C) if the forearm is pronated, the biceps brachii is ineffective in flexing the forearm.
D) the brachialis is a much smaller muscle than the biceps brachii.
E) All of these contribute to a full and proper explanation.
42.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Carl Daver, your anatomy and physiology instructor, is conducting a field trip, and
notices a dog approaching a fire hydrant Always alert to instructional opportunities, he
excitedly says, "Now watch as the dog utilizes his _____ and _____ muscles to lift his
leg."
iliopsoas, gluteus medius
gluteus maximus, tensor fascia latae
gluteus maximus, adductor longus
iliopsoas, quadriceps femoris
gluteus medius, adductor longus
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43. The __________ is the lowest level of organization that is composed of actin, troponin
and tropomyosin proteins.
A) myofilament
B) myofibril
C) muscle fiber
D) muscle fasciculus
E) whole skeletal muscle
44.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The __________ is attached to bones via tendons.
myofilament
myofibril
muscle fiber
muscle fasciculus
whole skeletal muscle
45. The __________ is composed of a group of myofilaments separated by sarcoplasmic
reticulum and mitochondria.
A) myofilament
B) myofibril
C) muscle fiber
D) muscle fasciculus
E) whole skeletal muscle
46.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The ___________ is a group of muscle cells surrounded by perimysium.
myofilament
myofibril
muscle fiber
muscle fasciculus
whole skeletal muscle
47.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A _________ is a single muscle cell.
myofilament
myofibril
muscle fiber
muscle fasciculus
whole skeletal muscle
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48.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Muscles that work together to cause movement are called
origins
insertions
agonists
antagonists
prime movers
49. The ____________ is a muscle in a group that plays a major role in a desired
movement.
A) origin
B) insertion
C) agonist
D) antagonist
E) prime mover
50.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The ___________ is the most stationary end of a muscle.
origin
insertion
agonist
antagonist
prime mover
51.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The muscle that works in opposition to another muscle is the
origin
insertion
agonist
antagonist
prime mover
52. The ____________ is the end of a muscle attached to a bone undergoing the greatest
movement.
A) origin
B) insertion
C) agonist
D) antagonist
E) prime mover
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53.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
All of the following are functions of muscle EXCEPT:
Body movement
Production of red blood cells
Constriction of organs and vessels
Maintenance of posture
Production of body heat
54. The specific molecules that provide calcium binding sites on actin are __________
molecules.
A) troponin
B) tropomyosin
C) titin
D) myosin
55.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The ____________ consists of only actin myofilaments.
A band
I band
H zone
M line
Z disk
56.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The _________ is the smooth ER of a muscle fiber and stores calcium ions.
sarcolemma
sarcoplasmic reticulum
sarcomere
sarcoplasm
T tubules
Ans: B
Difficulty: Easy
Type: Knowledge
57. The _______ phase is the time between the application of a stimulus and the beginning
of a contraction.
A) lag
B) relaxation
C) contraction
D) refractory
Ans: A
Difficulty: Easy
Type: Knowledge
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58. In __________ contraction the amount of tension increases during contraction, but the
length of the muscle does not change.
A) concentric
B) eccentric
C) isotonic
D) isometric
59.
A)
B)
C)
D)
This figure illustrates a(n) ___________ molecule.
titin
myosin
actin
tubulin
60.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The letter A in this figure represents
titin
myosin
tropomyosin
tubulin
troponin
61.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The letter A in this figure represents
the A band
the M line
a sarcomere
the I band
a Z disk
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62.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The letter B in this figure points to
the A band
the M line
a sarcomere
the I band
a Z disk
63.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The letter A in this figure represents the
action potential
synaptic vesicles
acetylcholine molecules
synaptic cleft
sodium ions
64.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The letter B in this figure represents
action potential
synaptic vesicles
acetylcholine molecules
synaptic cleft
sodium ions
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65.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The muscle designated by the letter A is the
buccinator
masseter
orbicularis oculi
temporalis
orbicularis oris
66. The muscle designated by the _____ is responsible for retracting the angle of the mouth
and flattening the cheek.
A) letter A
B) letter B
C) letter C
D) letter D
E) letter E
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67.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The muscle designated by the letter A is the
levator scapulae
rhomboids
supraspinatus
teres major
latissiums dorsi
68.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the rotator cuff muscles CANNOT be visualized on the figure?
teres major
subscapularis
teres minor
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
69.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The muscle designated by the letter A is the
tensor fascia latae
sartorius
iliopsoas
gracilis
rectus femoris
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70. The muscle designated by the _____ is responsible for flexing the hip and knee and
laterally rotating the thigh.
A) letter A
B) letter B
C) letter C
D) letter D
E) letter E
71.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The muscle designated by the letter A is the
soleus
gastrocnemius
fibularis longus
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
72. The muscle designated by the _____ is responsible for dorsiflexion and inversion of the
foot.
A) letter A
B) letter B
C) letter C
D) letter D
E) letter E
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