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Bio 504 Name: ARTHROPODS 1. The characteristics of arthropods are listed below. Memorize them. Explain what each term means. 1- exoskeleton: external skeleton that supports and protects and animals body. 2- molting: the shedding of the exoskeleton, which allows an animal to grow and then it is replaced with a new exoskeleton 3- jointed appendages: a body part such as the arm or leg that is joined to the central part of the body, limbs of an arthropod that bend to allow for easier movement 4- segmented bodies: division of body into repetitive parts (two legs, two arms) 5- cephalization: highly developed nervous system and head/ brain (includes sensory organs). Shows evolution. 6- open circulatory system: flow of blood through open spaces (body cavity) rather than in blood vessels. dorsal heart pumps blood from posterior to anterior end 2. Arthropods are divided into 2 sub-phyla : Chelicerates and Mandibulata. Complete the table explaining the characteristics of each group. Characteristics Examples Chelicerates 1. spiders 2. mites 3. scorpions Mandibulata 1. crustacea (lobsters) 2. myriopoda (millipedes) 3. insects (bees) Body segments 1.cephalothorax 2.abdomen 1. head 2.thorax 3.abdomen Nutrition (select 1 animal) (Spider/grasshopper) One way digestive (pierce/paralyze prey. Carnivore. ) One way digestion Mandibles (chew plants/herbivores) (surround with web) (suck juices after decompose) Circulation (select 1 animal) Open circulatory system Open circulatory system Respiration (select 1 animal) Both lungs have opening under abdomen Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange Sexual reproduction Sperm transferred from pedipalps to a female Female lays eggs Reproduction (select 1 animal) Spircales on side of thorax Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange through tubes Sexual Reproduction Sperm deposited in female and travels to eggs Female lays eggs 3. Insects are the largest group of arthropods… of all animals actually. Explain what adaptations they have that have permitted them to exist in such great quantities and varieties. You may use your text and/or the movie Microcosmos to help you out. a) feeding adaptations: Microcosmos: long, skinny tongues/mouths to fit into skinny flowers and gather nectar sucking (spider) piercing (mosquito) chewing (grasshopper) sponging (housefly) *various sources of food Ex: bees getting nectar Butterfly/maxillae rolls up ants Dragonfly eaten by water skidder Caterpillar eating eggshell Spider (under water bubbles) b) adaptations to appearance: camouflage: walking stick, butterfly mimicry: viceroy butterfly vs. monarch c) reproductive adaptations: parthenogenesis (asexual reproduction ex. Aphids) bodies specially adapted (ex. Mayfly has 24h to reproduce only) d) social behaviour: wasps, bees, ants, termites “work” together, safe, flourishing colony hives, workers, drones, queen