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Bio 504
Name:
ARTHROPODS
1. The characteristics of arthropods are listed below. Memorize them.
Explain what each term means.
1- exoskeleton: external skeleton that supports and protects
and animals body.
2- molting: the shedding of the exoskeleton, which allows an animal
to grow and then it is replaced with a new exoskeleton
3- jointed appendages: a body part such as the arm or leg that is
joined to the central part of the body, limbs of an arthropod
that bend to allow for easier movement
4- segmented bodies: division of body into repetitive parts (two
legs, two arms)
5- cephalization: highly developed nervous system and head/ brain
(includes sensory organs). Shows evolution.
6- open circulatory system: flow of blood through open spaces
(body cavity) rather than in blood vessels. dorsal heart pumps
blood from posterior to anterior end
2. Arthropods are divided into 2 sub-phyla : Chelicerates and
Mandibulata. Complete the table explaining the characteristics of
each group.
Characteristics
Examples
Chelicerates
1. spiders
2. mites
3. scorpions
Mandibulata
1. crustacea (lobsters)
2. myriopoda (millipedes)
3. insects (bees)
Body segments
1.cephalothorax
2.abdomen
1. head
2.thorax
3.abdomen
Nutrition (select 1
animal)
(Spider/grasshopper)
One way digestive
(pierce/paralyze prey.
Carnivore. )
One way digestion
Mandibles
(chew plants/herbivores)
(surround with web)
(suck juices after
decompose)
Circulation (select 1
animal)
Open circulatory system Open circulatory system
Respiration (select 1
animal)
Both lungs have opening
under abdomen
Oxygen and carbon
dioxide exchange
Sexual reproduction
Sperm transferred
from pedipalps to a
female
Female lays eggs
Reproduction (select 1
animal)
Spircales on side of thorax
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
exchange through tubes
Sexual Reproduction
Sperm deposited in female
and travels to eggs
Female lays eggs
3. Insects are the largest group of arthropods… of all animals actually.
Explain what adaptations they have that have permitted them to exist
in such great quantities and varieties. You may use your text and/or
the movie Microcosmos to help you out.
a) feeding adaptations: Microcosmos: long, skinny
tongues/mouths to fit into skinny flowers and gather
nectar
 sucking (spider)
 piercing (mosquito)
 chewing (grasshopper)
 sponging (housefly)
*various sources of food
Ex: bees getting nectar
Butterfly/maxillae rolls up ants
Dragonfly eaten by water skidder
Caterpillar eating eggshell
Spider (under water bubbles)
b) adaptations to appearance: camouflage: walking stick,
butterfly
mimicry: viceroy butterfly vs. monarch
c) reproductive adaptations:
parthenogenesis (asexual reproduction ex. Aphids)
bodies specially adapted (ex. Mayfly has 24h to
reproduce only)
d) social behaviour:
wasps, bees, ants, termites
“work” together, safe, flourishing colony
hives, workers, drones, queen