Download 6.13.2 Times of Peace Outline - buaron-history

Chapter 13  The Roman Empire
Lesson 2  Times of Peace
I. The Reign of Augustus
A. Augustus ruled Rome for more than 40 years
1. The empire grew and prospered under him to control people and lands in Africa, Asia, and
Europe
B. Success came from reform and change
1. Reforms of the Army
a. The army was cut in half and organized into legions (total of 160,000 soldiers)
b. Augustus taxed rich Romans to give soldiers pay
c. Retirement program that allowed soldiers to complete service and receive
either land or money
2. Reforms to Provinces
a. Senatorial Provinces
i. governed by the Senate
b. Imperial Provinces
i. controlled by the emperor
II. Trade and Currency
A. August felt a network of roads was important for conquests, defense, communication, and trade
1. Roads were repaired and extended
a. Soldiers and traders could travel throughout empire
b. Made the exchange of goods and ideas across long distances easier
B. Augustus also set up a postal system for government and military use
1. Relays of horses carried letters and packages between towns
C. Mediterranean Sea and major rivers also served as trade routes
1. Ships carried millions of sacks of grain from Egypt to Rome
2. Spain exported olive oil to other parts of the empire
3. Romans trade with China, India, Persia, and non-Roman Africa
a. silk and spices were important products of these regions
b. Pepper from India was used in cooking
c. Romans also learned to use spices to make medications, cosmetics, and
perfumes
D. Currency (Money)
1. The Romans learned about the use of coins from Greeks
a. Augustus set a standard value for each coin
i. traders across the empire could use the same money
2. Use of trade routes and currency supported economic growth
a. Wealth from trade allowed Roman culture to flourish
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III. Pax Romana
A. Augustus took Rome from Republic to Empire
1. Also marked the time of Pax Romana, or Roman Peace
a. Timer period lasted more than 200 years
B. Tiberius (Augustus’ adopted son) was Rome’s next emperor
1. He took political rights away from people
2. made it a crime to criticize the emperor
C. The senate chose Caligula as the next emperor
1. He was ill during his reign, which led to poor rule
a. he was assassinated after four years
D. The army and senate named Tiberius’ nephew, Claudius, emperor
1. He brought part of Britain into the Roman Empire
E. Nero was the next Emperor
1. People grew to hate him and rebelled against him
a. in AD64, Rome was burned in a fire during the riots
IV. Five Good Emperors
A. Series of four emperors, that had been generals
1. First rulers outside of Caesar’s family
2. First three took power only to be overthrown by another within months
3. Fourth one, Vespasian, held power for ten years
a. His sons, Titus and Domitian followed him
B. Titus and Domitian
1. Under their rule, the empire was mostly at peace
2. Titus faced a Jewish revolt in Judaea (Roman province)
a. Titus destroyed Jerusalem and the Temple in AD 70
3. Domitian was a tyrant and was assassinated in AD76
C. AD 96 to AD 180 was the period known as “The Five Good Rulers”
1. Nerva
a. was tolerant to non-Roman religions
b. provided land for the poor and education for their children
2. Trajan
a. First emperor born outside the Italian Peninsula (in the province of Spain)
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b. Wise and generous ruler
c. Empire grew to its largest size
3. Hadrian
a. Concentrated on defending lands more than conquering
4. Antoninus Pius
a. Ruled for a long and prosperous time
5. Marcus Aurelius
a. faced a plague that killed millions
b. turned back invaders who threatened the empire following the plague
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