Download BIOS 2310 lecture 2 The Skull students

Wednesday Dec 7
Bone Classification
 The skeleton can be divided into ______ broad
categories based on their individual shapes
 Objective: To learn the categories and be able to put
various bones into their appropriate category.
Flat bones
 Flat bones
 _______, roughly
parallel surfaces
 Functions
1. Provide __________
for underlying soft
tissues
2. Provides extensive
surface area for the
attachment of
___________________
Irregular bones
 Shape
 Complex shape with
short, flat, notched, or
rigid surfaces
 Examples
 ______________
 Bones of the Pelvis
 Some skull bones
Short bones
 Shape
 ___________ and boxy
 Examples
 Carpals
 Tarsals
Long Bones
 Long bones
 Relatively long and
slender
 Examples
 ________________
 Phalanges
 Radias
 Factiod
 The femur is the largest
and heaviest bone in the
body. The body is usually
_______ times the length
of this bone
Sutural Bones
 Sutural bones (Wormian
bones)
 Known as extra sutural bones
 Small, flat, irregularly
shaped bones between the
flat bones of the skull
 Factoid
 These bones __________ in
number, shape, and position
of sutural bones.
 Borders are like pieces of a
jigsaw _____________, size
ranges from a grain of sand
to a quarter
Sesamoid Bones
 Sesamoid Bones
 Small, flat, and shaped
somewhat like a
________________ seed.
Develop inside tendons
and are most commonaly
located near joints at the
knees, the hands, and the
feet.
 Factoid
 Everyone has 2 patella but
there is potential for up to
26 of these bones
The Skull
 Contains ______ bones: 8-cranium (braincase) and 14-
facial
 ____ bones are associated with the skull in addition to
the 22 above
 Inside- blood vessels, nerves, and membranes that
stabilize the position of the brain are attached to the
inner surfaces of the skull
 Outside- The outer surfaces provides an extensive area
for the attachment of ______________ that move the
eyes, jaws, and head
Termanology
 In the adult skull ____________________ are the
immovable joints between the skull bones
 ______________ bones(skull bones) form the
cranium. This protects the, a fluid-filled chamber that
cushions and supports the brain.
 ______________ bumps on the bones
Occipital bone
 The lamboid suture
arches across the
posterior surface of the
skull, superior to the
Occipital bone.
Parietal Bones
 There are 2
 Seperated by the
______________ suture
Frontal Bones
 ______________ suture
attaches the frontal bone
to the parietal bones on
either side
 Forms the anterior of the
cranium
 Forms the roof of the
Orbits (eye socket)
Temporal Bones
 There are 2
 The Squamous suture
forms a boundry
temporal and parietal
bones
Mastoid Process
Styloid Process
Sphenoid
Unites cranial and facial
bones
Forms part of the floor of the
cranium. A cross brace that
strengthens the sides of the skull
Zygomatic Bones
 There are 2
 Form part of the
_________________
 Forms the lateral wall of
the orbit (eye socket)
Temporal Process
Zygomatic Process
The two processes form the zygomatic
arch
Nasal Bones
Conects to cartilage the will
Supports the superior
support the distal portion
portion of the bridge of the
of the nose
nose.
Ethmoid
 Forms
 The anteromedial floor
of the cranium
 The roof of the nasal
cavity
 Part of the nasal septum
 Medial orbital wall
Maxillae
 Supports the upper teeth
 Forms the inferior
portion of the orbital rim
 Upper jaw
 Most of the hard palate
Mandible
 Lower portion of the jaw
Small bones
Lacrimal bones
Palatine bones
Vomer
Conche
Hyoid
 __________________
bone
 Supports the larynx
 The attachment site for
muscles of the larynx,
pharynx, and tongue
Auditory ossicles
 Located with in the
______________ ear
cavity
 Enclosed in the
_________________
bone
 Allow us to hear by
conducting vibrations
produced by sound
waves
Processes
 A ___________ feature
that changes as we
change
 Increases bone surface
area, provides more
places for ___________
to attach
 Larger processes grow for
attachment of well
developed muscles
Funny bone
Processes
 Olecranon
 2 styloid processes
 Malleolus processes
 epicondyle
Illiac Crest, ischial tuberocity,
ischial spine
 Notch at the top-
Suprasternal notch
 Acromion
 Spinous
Gender Differences
Femure
 Length: Male >450 mm;
Female <390 mm
(uncertain range 405430mm)
 Femure head diameter:
Male >45.5 mm; Female
<41.5 (uncertain range
43.5-44.5 mm)
 Class Chp 6 Bone


Chp 6.7 for fetal skeleton
Chp 7.8 for fetal cranium
 Knowledge Quiz