Download Reconstruction Comes to Georgia

Reconstruction Comes to Georgia
1. What was the Freedman’s Bureau, and what role did it play during Reconstruction? A
government agency established in 1865 to help both freed slaves and poor whites
cope with their everyday problems by offering them clothing, food, and other
necessities. They later focused on providing education and job training to freed
slaves.
2. Define Reconstruction: A plan to rebuild the South and restore the southern
states to the Union as quickly and easily as possible.
3. What was Lincoln’s two-step plan for Reconstruction?
a. All southerners had to take an oath of allegiance to the U.S.
b. Once 10% of the voters in each state had taken the oath, the state could
form a government and ask for readmission to the Union
4. Why did Congress and Lincoln disagree over Reconstruction? Congress felt southern
states should be punished for the war
5. What was Johnson’s original plan for Reconstruction? Same as Lincoln’s except the
group who qualified to take the oath was smaller (any civilian or Confederate
government official was not allowed a general pardon)
6. Define disfranchised: taking away the right to vote from a particular group of
people
7. What three additions were made to Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction after radicals
complained?
a. Had to approve 13th amendment
b. Had to nullify ordinances of secession
c. Had to promise not to repay institutions and individuals who had funded
the Confederacy
8. What was the purpose of the 13th amendment? Abolished slavery
9. What were the Black Codes? Laws passed in south to restrict the rights of
freedmen. These laws determined the types of jobs they could hold, established
labor hours (sunup to sundown), etc.
10. How did Congress respond to the Black Codes? Passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866
which gave citizenship to African Americans and gave the federal government the
right to intervene in issues of discrimination. The 14th amendment was also passed
at this time
11. What was the purpose of the 14th amendment? Gave citizenship to freed men, and
guaranteed equal protection under the law
12. What did the Congressional reconstruction plan require of southern states? Had to
ratify 14th amendment
13. What happened as a result of the southern states refusing to ratify the 14th
amendment? Invalidated the new governments and placed the states under military
control
14. What were carpetbaggers? Northerners who moved south after the war
15. What were scalawags? Southerners who supported the Radical Republican
congress’ reconstruction plan
16. What three things were approved during the Constitutional Convention of 1867?
a. Civil rights for all Georgia citizens
b. Free public education for all children
c. Married women were allowed to control their own property
17. What type of governor was elected in Georgia in 1868 for the first time as a result of
the African American vote? Republican
18. Who was Henry McNeal Turner? One of 29 black legislators elected to the
Georgia General Assembly after the Election of 1868
19. What happened to the 32 African Americans elected to the Georgia General
Assembly in 1868? They were expelled after it was determined they had been given
the right to vote, but not the right to hold office
20. What was the Ku Klux Klan? A secret organization (formed in Pulaski, TN in
1865) that tried to keep freed men from exercising their new civil rights
21. What methods of terrorism did the Ku Klux Klan use to intimidate African
Americans? Beatings, whippings, and murder
22. What right did the 15th amendment give to all Americans? It gave all male citizens
the right to vote
23. What four things did Georgia do to finally get full readmission to the Union?
a. Ruled that blacks were allowed to hold office
b. Reseat the expelled African American representatives in the General
Assembly
c. Approve the 14th amendment
d. Ratify the 15th amendment
24. What political party regained control of Georgia after the 1870 elections?
Democratic
25. Define sharecropping: Landowner provided land, a house, farming tools &
animals, seed and fertilizer to the worker. Workers agreed to give the owner a share
of the harvest.
26. Define tenant farming: Similar to sharecropping except the tenant provided
tools, seed & fertilizer. At the end of the year the tenant paid the landowner or
shared the harvest.
27. What happened to the soil as a result of all of the demands put on it by continual
farming? Soil was ruined from the high demands put on it by farmers
28. What did this mean for farmers? Farmers became poorer and poorer
29. Which crop was still the most important in Georgia? cotton
29. Which businesses in Georgia expanded during the period of Reconstruction?
Industry (textile mills), banking, railroads & shipping businesses