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CHAPTER 3: THE BEGINNINGS OF ISLAM Lesson 1: Life on the Arabian Peninsula What were the physical features and climate of the Arabian Peninsula? What three kinds of people lived on the Arabian Peninsula? What was the importance of an oasis? How did it lead to settlements? Who created the Ka’aba and why is it important before the start of Islam? Lesson 2: Islam and Muhammad How did Muhammad start AND develop the religion of Islam? What are the Five Pillars of Islam? What are the holy books of Islam? Who are the “people of the book”? What was the policy of religious tolerance? Lesson 3: Islam and Muhammad’s Death How did Muslims determine who would lead Islam after Muhammad died? Who are the “right guided” caliphs? Who was Abu Bakr? Why were Muslims so successful militarily? How did the Umayyads take power of Muslim lands? Why did Muslims split into two groups? What were the two groups and what did they believe? CHAPTER 4: THE RISE OF THE MUSLIM STATES Lesson 1: The Expansion of Muslim Rule Where specifically did the Umayyads expand to in the East? In the West? What methods were used to unite the peoples and lands under the Umayyads? What were the complaints against the Umayyads and how did they lose power? Lesson 2: A Golden age in the East What methods did the Abbasids use to strengthen their control over the empire? Why was Baghdad considered to be so prosperous? What is a golden age? What were some of the cultural achievements of the Abbasid Empire? What two groups removed the Abbasids from power and how? Lesson 3: Muslim Rule in Spain What is al-Andalus? Who took over and why? Why was Abd al-Rahman III considered to be such a great leader? Why was Cordoba both a great economic and cultural center? What were some of the big achievements? Who eventually took Spain from the Muslims and how did they do it?