Download Semester 2 Course Review

Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
Earth Space Science HONORS Semester 2 Review
Unit 6 – Climate & Weather
Essential questions:
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What determines climate?
How does the angle of the sun’s rays impact climate differently from the equator to the poles?
What effect do lakes and oceans have on climate?
What effect does geography have on climate?
How can global climate change be studied?
How have different conditions on earth contributed to global climate change?
How have astronomical conditions contributed to global climate change?
What impacts have humans had on global climate change?
What role does the sun play in atmospheric and oceanic cycles?
What are some ways that oceans influence climate change?
How is CO2 absorbed in the ocean and how does this effect climate?
What is weather?
How do the different air masses’ names and locations describe them?
What are the characteristics of each type of front?
How does weather play a role in the redistribution of thermal energy (heat) around the Earth?
What types of tools are used to collect weather data and how are they used?
How can current weather conditions be used to predict future weather conditions?
What can affect a model’s effectiveness?
Describe each type of severe weather and their causes?
How do hurricane and tornado characteristics differ?
What should you do when notified of a watch as well as a warning?
How does Florida’s natural environment influence the behavior of people who live here?
Key vocabulary:
Climate
Revolution
Radiation
Polar
Precession
Arctic
Front
Tropical Wave
Tropical Storm
Easterlies
Hadley Cells
Psychrometer
Hygrometer
Wind Vane
Infrared Radar
Severe Weather
Lightning
ESS Sem 2 HON Review
Weather
Tilt
Tropical
Ice Age
Axis
Antarctic
Trough
Tropical Depression
Hurricane
Westerlies
Ferrel Cells
Anemometer
Thermometer
Weather Symbols
Visible-Light Satellite Imagery
Weather Watch
Humidity
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Topography
Altitude
Continental
Interglacial Period
El Nin᷉ o/La Nin᷉ a
Maritime
Squall
Dry Line
Tornado
Jet Stream
Polar Cells
Barometer
Rain Gauge
Doppler Radar
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Weather Warning
Pressure
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
1. What two primary factors define climate?
2. What effect does solar radiation have on climate when comparing the equator to polar-regions?
3. What effect do large bodies of water have on climate?
4. What effect does geography have on climate?
5. Complete the table to describe characteristics of climate for the diverse areas.
Geographic Area
Characteristics
Tropical
Dry
Moderate/Mild
Continental
Polar
6. Describe how climate would be influenced if:
a. Earth’s distance from the sun was to change.
b. Earth’s tilt changed.
7. Describe how climate would be influenced if:
a. An asteroid or comet would impact earth.
b. Solar activity decreased and increased.
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
8. Describe each method used to study climate change.
Method
Description
Ice Core Samples
Sea Floor Sediment
Fossils
Tree Rings
9. How can volcanic eruptions contribute to global climate change?
10. How are cyclical patterns of ice ages and interglacial periods related to global climate changes?
11. Describe the impacts human activity has on climate change.
12. Explain the role the sun plays in atmospheric cycles?
13. Explain the role the sun plays in oceanic cycles?
14. Describe how CO2 is absorbed in the ocean and the effect it has on climate.
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
15. Compare and contrast climate and weather.
16. Name and describe each air mass.
Air Mass
Location
Characteristics
Continental Arctic
(Continental Antarctic)
Continental Polar
Continental Tropical
Maritime Polar
Maritime Tropical
17. Analyze the data in the table above to describe how air mass’ names and locations describe them?
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
18. Describe the weather most commonly associated with warm fronts.
19. Describe the weather most commonly associated with cold fronts.
20. Describe the following weather map symbols.
Sky Cover Symbols:
Meaning:
Wind Symbols:
Stick
stick & feather
stick & ½ feather
Meaning:
Front Symbols:
Meaning:
Weather Symbols:
dot
·
·
Meaning:
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
21. How does radiant energy from the sun affect air currents and their influence on weather?
22. Describe what each weather instrument measures.
Instrument
What it measures?
Psychrometer
Anemometer
Barometer
Hydrometer
Thermometer
Rain gauge
Wind vane
Radar
Doppler Radar
Satellite Imagery
23. Describe how current weather conditions are used to predict future conditions?
24. What are the limitations of weather models?
25. What affect do limitations of models have on ability to predict weather?
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
26. What factors can lead to severe weather?
27. What are the life stages of a thunderstorm?
28. How does lightning occur?
29. Compare and contrast a severe weather watch and a warning
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
30. Label the parts of the hurricane.
31. How do the listed events of Florida’s natural environment influence human behavior?
Event
Affect on behavior
Strong solar radiation
High humidity
Thunderstorms
Lightning
Tropical Storms
Hurricanes
Beach erosion
Red Tide
Rip Currents
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
Unit 7: Solar System
Essential questions:
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What are the physical properties of the Sun?
What is the internal structure of the sun?
How does the Sun affect conditions and events on Earth?
How has the model of our Solar System changed over time? Why?
How does this change in Solar System models demonstrate the scientific process?
How are planetary systems formed?
Why are planets closer to the sun made of different substances than planets farther from the sun?
Why do some planets appear to move backward in the sky?
How are planetary systems discovered?
What are Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion?
What are Newton’s Laws and how do they apply to a planetary system?
What are some ways that the motions of the Earth, moon and sun influence each other?
How are astronomical distances measured within the solar system?
Key vocabulary:
 Photosphere
 Chromosphere
 Corona
 Radiative Zone
 Convection Zone
 Convection
 Conduction
 Radiation
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Geocentric Model
Heliocentric Model
Retrograde Motion
Kepler’s Laws
Newton’s Laws of
Motion
Newton’s Law of
Universal Gravitation
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Spring Tides
Neap Tides
Solar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse
Constellation
Astronomical Unit
Light Years
Parsec
Practice:
32. Label the features of the sun in the diagram below. Draw in the features that are missing.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Radiative Zone
Convection Zone
Chromosphere
Photosphere
Core
Solar prominences
Sunspots
Corona
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
33. Describe how the Sun affects life on Earth.
34. Label the diagram below: Heliocentric model or Geocentric model.
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35. Explain the difference between the Heliocentric and Geocentric models and the evidence use to
support each.
36. Describe the formation of planetary systems.
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
37. Describe how heat and melting points explain the composition of the inner planets, the outer planets, asteroids,
and comets.
38. Describe retrograde motion to explain observations of some planets.
39. Describe how planetary systems have been discovered.
40. List Kepler’s Laws and describe how they relate/apply to the heliocentric model of the solar system.
41. How do Newton’s Laws describe the attraction among the Earth, Moon, and Sun?
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
42. On the diagram below, label
the phases of the moon.
43. The tides which occur at full and new moon phases are:
a. Neap tides
b. Spring tides
c. Low tides
44. The tides that occur at first and last quarter phases are:
a. Neap tides
b. Spring tides
c. High tides
45. Label each season in the
Northern Hemisphere based
on the Earth’s position.
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
Unit 8: Universe and Galaxies
Essential questions:
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What evidence is used to develop the Big Bang Theory?
What evidence is used to verify the Big Bang Theory?
What is cosmic background radiation (CBR) and how was it discovered?
How does the proposal of the existence of dark matter and dark energy demonstrate the creative nature of science
when constructing scientific explanations?
How does the variety of evidence used to support the Big Bang Theory make it a more durable scientific theory?
What patterns are observed in the organization and distribution of matter in the universe?
What factors determine the organization and distribution of matter in the universe?
How are stars formed?
How does a star’s mass determine its evolution?
What can be determined by the color of a star? Why is a star considered a blackbody radiator?
What methods have been used to measure astronomical distances outside of the solar system?
What is the difference between astronomy and astrology?
Key vocabulary:
 Big Bang Theory
 Cosmic background
radiation
 Scientific Theory
 Mass
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Red Shift
Space
Magnitude
Range
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Astronomical unit
Blackbody Radiator
Astronomy
Astrology
Practice:
46. Explain the "big bang" theory.
47. What is a “redshift”? How does it support the “big bang” theory?
48. What are the two main types of satellites?
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
49. Describe how the following evidence supports the Big Bang Theory.
Evidence
Red Shift
How does this evidence support the theory?
Cosmic Background Radiation
Age of Star Clusters
50. What is the life span and final outcome of low, medium and massive size stars?
Low mass star →_____ trillion years →final outcome is the _____________________.
Medium mass star →_____ billion years →final outcome is the _____________________.
Massive star →_____ million years →final outcomes can be either the __________________or
_____________ .
51. How are the following methods used to measure distance?
Distance method
Purpose
Parallax
Uses color and magnitude
Cepheid Variables
Measures farthest objects
52. What two effects do the seasons have on the Earth?
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
53. What is the movement of Earth on its axis called?
a. Rotation
b. Phases
c. Floatation
d. Revolution
54. Which of the following correctly describes the movement of Earth, Moon and sun?
a. Sun revolves around Moon, Moon revolves around Earth
b. Sun and Moon revolve around Earth
c. Moon revolves around sun, Earth revolves around Moon
d. Moon revolves around Earth, Earth revolves around sun
55. Honors Extension: Below is a schematic diagram of
the local sky as observed from Arecibo.
Imaging that you are standing at the center
looking up. Label on this diagram the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Horizon
Zenith
Cardinal directions N,S,E,W
North Celestial Pole
Celestial Equator
Azimuth
56. Explain why astronomy is considered a science and astrology is considered a pseudoscience.
Unit 9: Space Exploration
Essential questions:
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How has the development of astronomy evolved from Earth-bound explorations to sending probes into space?
How does space exploration help scientists learn about the universe?
How have scientists justified future space exploration?
How is electromagnetic radiation arranged on the Electromagnetic Spectrum?
What instruments are used to detect electromagnetic radiation?
How have these observational tools evolved since the 1600s?
How has space exploration affected Florida’s economy?
How has space exploration affected Florida’s culture?
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
Key vocabulary:
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Electromagnetic radiation
Electromagnetic spectrum
Frequency
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Radiation
Speed of light
Wavelength
Light
Practice:
57. Compare and contrast unmanned space probes with manned space missions.
58. Complete the chart below
Manned Space
Missions
What was the purpose of the mission?
What have we learned as a result of this
mission?
Mercury
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
Gemini
Apollo
Space
Transportation
System (STS)
Skylab
Mir
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Name: ___________________________________ Pd. _______ Date: _________________
International
Space Station
(ISS)
Use the chart below and answer the questions in the space provided.
59. What kind of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength? The longest?
60. What kind or kinds of electromagnetic radiation are associated with each of these sources?
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hot bodies
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quasars
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stars
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x-ray tubes
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slowing down of high-energy particles
61. Identify two ways in which space exploration has influenced Florida’s economy and culture.
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